Part I. From There to Here - Theoretical Background: 1. From visiousness to viciousness: theories of intergroup relations 2. Social dominance theory as a new synthesis Part II. Oppression and its Psycho-Ideological Elements: 3. The psychology of group dominance: social dominance orientation 4. Let's both agree that you're really stupid: the power of consensual ideology Part III. The Circle of Oppression - The Myriad Expressions of Institutional Discrimination: 5. You stay in your part of town and I'll stay in mine: discrimination in the housing and retail markets 6. They're just too lazy to work: discrimination in the labor market 7. They're just mentally and physically unfit: discrimination in education and health care 8. The more of 'them' in prison, the better: institutional terror, social control and the dynamics of the criminal justice system Part IV. Oppression as a Cooperative Game: 9. Social hierarchy and asymmetrical group behavior: social hierarchy and group difference in behavior 10. Sex and power: the intersecting political psychologies of patriarchy and empty-set hierarchy 11. Epilogue.

http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam032/98044356.pdf

Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression

Contemporary mate preferences can provide important clues to human reproductive history. Little is known about which characteristics people value in potential mates. Five predictions were made about sex differences in human mate preferences based on evolutionary conceptions of parental investment, sexual selection, human reproductive capacity, and sexual asymmetries regarding certainty of paternity versus maternity. The predictions centered on how each sex valued earning capacity, ambition— industriousness, youth, physical attractiveness, and chastity. Predictions were tested in data from 37 samples drawn from 33 countries located on six continents and five islands (total N = 10,047). For 27 countries, demographic data on actual age at marriage provided a validity check on questionnaire data. Females were found to value cues to resource acquisition in potential mates more highly than males. Characteristics signaling reproductive capacity were valued more by males than by females. These sex differences may reflect different evolutionary selection pressures on human males and females; they provide powerful cross-cultural evidence of current sex differences in reproductive strategies. Discussion focuses on proximate mechanisms underlying mate preferences, consequences for human intrasexual competition, and the limitations of this study.

/pdf/sex-differences-in-human-mate-preferences-evolutionary-227sbaq8b2.pdf

Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures

What are the neural bases of action understanding? Although this capacity could merely involve visual analysis of the action, it has been argued that we actually map this visual information onto its motor representation in our nervous system. Here we discuss evidence for the existence of a system, the 'mirror system', that seems to serve this mapping function in primates and humans, and explore its implications for the understanding and imitation of action.

Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action.

/pdf/guide-to-the-care-and-use-of-experimental-animals-c8690qwe1h.pdf

Guide to the care and use of experimental animals

Conventional wisdom over the past 160 years in the cognitive and neurosciences has assumed that brains evolved to process factual information about the world. Most attention has therefore been focused on such features as pattern recognition, color vision, and speech perception. By extension, it was assumed that brains evolved to deal with essentially ecological problem-solving tasks. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

/pdf/the-social-brain-hypothesis-5cev7m15tq.pdf

The social brain hypothesis

Object manipulation, tool use and sensorimotor intelligence as feeding adaptations in cebus monkeys and great apes.

This paper presents a model for the nature and adaptive significance of intelligence and language in early hominids based on comparative developmental, ecological, and neurological data. We propose that the common ancestor of the great apes and man displayed rudimentary forms of late sensorimotor and early preoperational intelligence similar to that of one- to four-year-old children. These abilities arose as adaptations for extractive foraging with tools, which requires a long postweaning apprenticeship. They were elaborated in the first hominids with the shift to primary dependence on this feeding strategy. These first hominids evolved a protolanguage, similar to that of two-year-old human children, with which they could describe the nature and location of food and request help in obtaining it. The descendents of the first hominids displayed intuitive intelligence, similar to that of four- to seven-year-old children, which arose as an adaptation for complex hunting involving aimed-missile throwing, stone-tool manufacture, animal butchery, food division, and shelter construction. The comparative developmental and paleontological data are consistent with the hypothesis that the stages of development of intelligence and language and their neural substrates in our species recapitulate the stages of their evolution.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0140525X0006307X

A developmental model for the evolution of language and intelligence in early hominids

List of contributors Foreword Howard E Gruber Preface Acknowledgements 1 Theoretical frameworks for comparative developmental studies Sue Taylor Parker, Bernard Baars and Kathleen Rita Gibson 2 Comparative developmental perspectives on Cebus intelligence Francesco Antinucci, Dorothy Munkenbeck Fragaszy, Kathleen Rita Gibson, Sue Taylor Parker and Patricia Poti 3 Questions regarding imitation, language and cultural transmission in apes and monkeys Elisabetta Visalberghi, Dorothy Munkenbeck Fragaszy, Michael Tomasello and Jacques Vauclair 4 Developmental perspectives on social intelligence and communication in great apes Juan Carlos Gomez, Kim A Bard, Anne E Russon and Ben G Blount 5 Development of numerical and classificatory abilities in chimpanzees and other vertebrates Sarah T Boysen, Gary G Barntson, Tetsuro Matsuzawa and Irene Maxine Pepperberg 6 Comparative developmental perspectives on ape 'language' H Lyn White Miles, Patricia Marks Greenfield and E Sue Savage-Rumbaugh Index

"Language" and intelligence in monkeys and apes : comparative developmental perspectives

The following paper develops a sexual selection model for the evolution of bipedal locomotion, canine reduction, brain enlargement, language and higher intelligence. The model involves an expansion of Darwin’s ideas about human evolution based on recent elaborations of sexual selection theory. Modern notions about intrasexual competition and female and male choice and their ecological correlates are summarized along with a new model for the role of sexual selection in speciation. Rapid evolution of bipedal locomotion as a male adaptation for nuptial feeding of females is proposed as a model for ape-hominid divergence through sexual selection; canine reduction is attributed to selection for associated epigamic displays. The analogy with male specialization through sexual selection speciation in hamadryas baboons is noted. Subsequent changes in female reproductive physiology are attributed to female competition for increased male parental investment during the time of early Homo andHomo erectus. The origin of higher intellectual and language abilities inHomo sapiens is attributed to male competition through technology and rule production to control resources and females; intellectual abilities involved in social manipulation are attributed to female competition for male parental investment and maintenance of polyandry. The course of hominid evolution is characterized as involving a trend from a promiscuous mating system toward increasing intensity of adaptations for male control of females, and by increasing intensity of female adaptation to maintain male parental investment while circumventing male control.

Sue Taylor Parker

Papers

Object manipulation, tool use and sensorimotor intelligence as feeding adaptations in cebus monkeys and great apes.

A developmental model for the evolution of language and intelligence in early hominids

"Language" and intelligence in monkeys and apes : comparative developmental perspectives

A sexual selection model for hominid evolution

Apprenticeship in tool-mediated extractive foraging: The origins of imitation, teaching, and self-awareness in great apes.