An activated carbon (PCAC) with good adsorption potential for organic pollutants including nitrophenols, chlorophenol, bisphenol and monocrotophos was obtained from palm shell using a combination of chemical (Sulphuric acid, persulfate mixture) and thermal (900 °C) activation techniques. The prepared PCAC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Zeta potential and Boehm titration measurements in terms of structural and surface characteristics. PCAC was observed to be endowed with a micro/mesoporous structure and was amorphous with a surface area of 770 m2g−1. Batch adsorption tests indicated that the PCAC exhibited a high adsorption capacity for all the adsorbates under study. The adsorption data fitted very well with Langmuir isotherm model and with pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the uptake was spontaneous. The adsorption was unaffected by increasing the ionic strength of the aqueous solution and could be efficiently performed at 0.5 N NaCl medium. Additionally, PCAC was easily regenerated with methanol and could be reused at least three times. The adsorption could be the result of several interactions including van der waals forces, electrostatic interaction, H bonding and π-π interactions. Thus, PCAC endowed with micro/mesoporous structure could function as an efficient adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from aqueous samples.

Efficient removal of organic pollutants with activated carbon derived from palm shell: Spectroscopic characterisation and experimental optimisation

In this study, activated carbon synthesized from Aloe vera green wastes was used as a sorbent to remove 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of contact time (0-100 minutes), pH (2-8), adsorbent dosage (1-9 g/l), and initial 4-CP concentration (10-60 mg/l) in batch system was investigated on the sorption. The sorbent was specified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Equilibrium for 4-CP sorption was reached at contact time of 40 minutes. The pH of 2 was also found to be the optimum pH in the sorption process. Fitting the experimental data to different kinetic and isotherm models illustrated that the experimental data was well fitted by pseudo-second order kinetic (R 2 > 0.98) and Freundlich isotherm (R 2 > 0.99) models. According to the results, activated carbon prepared from Aloe vera green wastes is a low-cost effective option for the sorption of 4-CP from aqueous solutions.

http://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40194_c7cd6059b69384aee95b8bce1bc16b02.pdf

Adsorption of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution using activated carbon synthesized from aloe vera green wastes

A study on the adsorption of both cationic and anionic surfactants using activated carbon as well as the investigation of the adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics has been conducted. The results showed that the adsorption of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) by activated carbon was Langmuir's adsorption isotherm while its adsorption kinetics showed pseudo-second order with an adsorption rate constant of 2.23 x 103 g mg-1 hour-1. Meanwhile, the adsorption of HDTMA-Br by activated carbon showed that the isotherm adsorption tended to follow Freundlich's isotherm and was pseudo-second order with an adsorption rate constant of 89.39 g mg-1 hour-1.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/349/1/012001/pdf

Adsorption kinetics of surfactants on activated carbon

Adsorption column is used to perform the adsorption experiments of this work using continuous scheme. The operating parameters investigated in this work are; inlet pollutant concentration (10, 30, & 50 mg/L), Liquid hourly space velocity (5, 10, & 15 h−1), and thickness of activated carbon layer (5, 15, & 25 cm). The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of removing high phenol concentration from a synthetic wastewater since the nearby North Refineries Company, Baiji, (Iraq) wastewater treatment plant receives high phenol concentration. Moreover, to investigate the effects of various operating parameters on the adsorption capacity, breakthrough, and exhaustion times. The results of this work show that activated carbon can remove high concentration of phenol (up to 50 mg/L) efficiently. The results also indicated that the adsorption capacity depends on inlet pollutant concentration, activated carbon thickness, and liquid hourly space velocity. Actual adsorption capacity is calculated and found to be different from adsorption capacity found depending on the adsorption models. The lowest and highest adsorption capacities are 0.428 and 9.02 mg/g respectively, while the corresponding values for actual adsorption capacities are 0.216 and 32.4 mg/g.

Phenol Removal From Synthetic Wastewater by Adsorption Column

Phenol is one of the most dangerous pollutant of petroleum industry. Thus its removal is very essential. One of the most popular method used to remove phenol is through adsorption by activated carbon. In the present work, batch adsorption experiments are carried out under various operating parameters: pollutant concentration (CO) (10, 30, and 50mg/L), and activated carbon dose (CD) (250-1500mg/1.25L with an increment of 250). All experiments are performed at laboratory temperature (19ºC) and pH of 7 ± 0.1 while a full factorial mode is applied. Many adsorption models are used to fit experimental data and find out adsorption capacity (ADC) which is a widely used term.The results show that phenol can be completely removed and the adsorption capacity depends on the pollutant concentration (CO) and adsorbent dose (CD). The actual adsorption capacity (AADC) is calculated and found to be highly different from adsorption capacity.

Phenol removal from synthetic wastewater using batch adsorption scheme

The aim of the present study is to remove Phenol and Parachlorophenol from synthetic wastewater using prepared activated carbon from agricultural wastes (rice husk, (RH) date stones, (DS) and palm fronds, (PF)) utilizing chemical and physical activation methods. Three principal operating parameters have been considered which are activation temperature, activation time, and impregnation ratio. The results showed that the activated carbon prepared from rice husk by chemical method at a temperature of 700 C, activation time of 3 hours, and impregnation ratio of 3: 1 gives highest removal of phenol and Parachlorophenol. The results also showed that the activated carbon prepared by physical method from rice husk gives higher removal efficiency for phenol and Parachlorophenol than that of activated carbon prepared from date stones and palm fronds. The results also showed that the rate of removal of Phenol and Parachlorophenol increases with the increase of activation temperature, activation time, and impregnation ratio. The highest removal of phenol and Parachlorophenol are (84.38% and 94.65%) respectively. Application of the most prominent adsorption models shows acceptable agreement with Langmuir and Temkin models. Maximum adsorption capacity for the prepared activated carbon is found to be 39 mg/g and 38.82 mg/g for Phenol, 44.64 mg/g and 44.94 mg/g for Parachlorophenol respectively.

/pdf/removal-of-phenol-and-parachlorophenol-from-synthetic-arvafuuqqo.pdf

Suha Sameen Ali

Papers

Removal of Phenol and Parachlorophenol from Synthetic Wastewater Using Prepared Activated Carbon from Agricultural Wastes