萨义德以其独特的双重身份,对西方中心权力话语做了分析,通过对文学作品、演讲演说等文本的解读,将O rie n ta lis m——"东方学",做了三重释义:一门学科、一种思维方式和一种权力话语系统,对东方学权力话语做了系统的批判,同时将东方学放入空间维度对东方学文本做了细致的解读。

萨义德的“Orientalism”释义

Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State, and Local Capital in Brazil

The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy

ReOrient: Global Economy in the Asian Age

The author claims that social institutions include markets. Using the expression of “markets as policy” he investigates sociological model of action, according to which the market players are looking for stable relations and solving the problem of competition via social means. The author analyses the strong linkage between the market and the state. Basing on these statements the author provides hypotheses of how the policy on the markets is done at different stages of their development: appearance, stability and transformation periods. It is claimed that during the market formation when the actors-firms are trying to build status hierarchy the political action reminds social movements. When markets are stable the firms that are more powerful defend their positions from the potential competitors. During the transition period these firms could act for more unstable situation on the market that arises due to social movements.

Markets as Policy: A Political-Сultural Approach to Market Institutions

This survey of 836 midlife women (51.0 ± 4.0 yrs) was undertaken by exclusively a face to face interview by welltrained interviewers guarantying data collection of higher quality. This survey data was analyzed using the SPSS program. The main purpose of this study was to describe the factors affecting self-rated health status, including dietary habits and physical·mental·social factors. In the self-rated health status of a ‘good’ group, age was lower (p < 0.05), monthly income was higher (p < 0.01), dietary habits score (p < 0.001) and appetite (p < 0.001) and the degree of movement (p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (p < 0.001), marital intimacy (p < 0.001) and relationship satisfaction with their children (p < 0.001) were significantly higher than the ‘bad’ group. The level of depression (p < 0.001) and severe feeling of menopausal symptoms (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the ‘poor’ group. The results of correlation analysis demonstrated that educational level (r = 0.069, p < 0.05),income (r = 0.157, p < 0.001), eating habits (r = 0.235, p < 0.001), appetite (r = 0.263, p < 0.001), life satisfaction (r = 0.197, p < 0.001), marital intimacy (r = 0.167, p < 0.001), child relationship satisfaction (r = 0.149, p < 0.001), positive attitude toward menopause (r = 0.070, p < 0.05) showed a positive correlation, but depression (r = -0.122, p < 0.001) and menopausal symptoms (r = -0.292, p < 0.001) showed a negative association with self-rated health status. The predictable factors affecting the self-rated health status of middle-aged women were examined by multiple regression analysis. The ‘menopausal symptoms - physical discomfort’ was the most important variables followed by the ‘appetite’, ‘eating habits’, ‘menopause symptoms - sensory problems’, ‘BMI’, ‘positive attitude toward menopause’ and ‘high marital intimacy’. These results showed that the ‘appetite’ and ‘eating habits’ are important factors affecting the self-rated health status. Therefore, a program of dietary education must be considered for the effective health education and counseling of middle-aged women. (Korean J Community Nutr 17(3) : 290~301, 2012)

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The Related Factors Influencing on Self-rated Health Level of Middle-aged Women

In the context of power shift from Europe to Asia, Asia is creating a new history as the most dynamic region in the world. Historically, Asian countries have long maintained cultural and institutional connections within the region through constant contact, exchange, trade, and warfare. These cultural and institutional linkages serve as a cohesive factor for Asian countries to converge on regional commonness despite intraregional disparities. When looking at Northeast Asia, the center of Asian dynamism, the region’s future is beset by serious challenges and threats, complicated by historical conflicts and territorial disputes. Building a regional community is crucial to turn tension and conflict to cooperation and coexistence in the region, but it is hampered by hegemonic competition under the rise of nationalism. As a way out, they should take both economic and cultural approaches toward the creation of regional community according to bilateral principles based upon one-to-one negotiations. In this regard, the non-expansionary stance of Korea so far gives her a moral hegemonic precedence over China and Japan in Northeast Asian community building.

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Regional Community Building in Northeast Asia in a Global Context

The Political Economy of South Korean Structural Adjustment: Reality and Façade*

South Korea has experienced “compressed capitalist development” over the last five decades, characterized by unprecedented levels of industrialization and democratization, with other distinctive features. This development experience causes some scholars to view the country as a site for a new modernity, following the Western prototype. Concerning the underlying nature of emerging modernity in South Korea, however, there have been controversial insights: some scholars argue that the country is now experiencing a Western type of modernity, and others refute this, saying that it has not at all been modernized. This paper investigates the dynamics and contradictions of capitalist development in South Korea from a perspective of vertical modernization. It considers the origins, process, and outcomes of modernization mainly in terms of democracy, economic growth, and welfare. We assume that there are “different sites and forms of modernity” in the world, and that South Korea would be a good candidate to examine for non-Western modernity. Yet it is our contention that the country’s modernity has been distorted and unbalanced in the development of society, culture, politics, and economy. Historically, South Korea has progressed through traditional unmodernity, colonial undermodernity, and Western modernity. A clear examination of the country’s development experience reveals to no small degree the complex nature of modernity, in that tradition, modernity, and postmodernity coexist in the present time. We conclude that South Korean modernity is an incomplete project still in progress.

Unfinished modernity or another modernity? The South Korean case

This paper investigates the social and political concomitants of structural adjustment in South Korea. After three years of restructuring in the financial, corporate, employment, and public sectors under the IMF's oversight, South Korea has undergone a profound societal transformation. It will be argued that the neo-liberal, market-oriented reform policies of Kim Dae Jung regime are aimed at improving national competitiveness by strengthening transnational linkages. Specifically, this paper will address i) the basic policy lines of structural adjustment programs in terms of achievements and failures, ii) the resulting social and political realignment with regard to power distribution and class alliance, and iii) the lessons from Mexican restructuring where the bright and dark sides have coexisted. This paper concludes that restructuring is a necessity for South Korea, b current structural adjustment is conservative and cosmetic. In order to survive the violent 21st century, South Korea needs to undergo more fundamental restructuring based on a new alternative paradigm of development. Once again Korea has become the center of worldwide interest. This time it is not only South Korea but also North Korea that has stunned the world, as Kim Dae Jung and Kim Jong Il, the leaders of the two Koreas signed a landmark agreement to ease age -old cold-war tensions in the Korean peninsula. The agreement includes reunification by independence, a confederation system of government, reunion of separated families, and economic cooperation towards an integrated national economy. Three years ago, faced with an une xpected national default, South Korea asked for emergency bail-out aid from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and has since undergone neo-liberal restructuring under its stewardship. There have been different arguments as to whether South Korea has overcome the economic crisis or is still in danger . 1

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Suk-Man Hwang

Papers

The Related Factors Influencing on Self-rated Health Level of Middle-aged Women

Regional Community Building in Northeast Asia in a Global Context

The Political Economy of South Korean Structural Adjustment: Reality and Façade*

Unfinished modernity or another modernity? The South Korean case

'A New Wine in A New Bottle?' : The Social and Political Realignment under Restructuring in South Korea