2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Water pollution caused by the discharge of hazardous textile effluents is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In order to assess the pollution level of the textile effluents, various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in the textile wastewater and agricultural soil irrigated with the wastewater (contaminated soil) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis that demonstrated the presence of several toxic heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Zn) and a large number of organic compounds. Further, in order to get a comprehensive idea about the toxicity exerted by the textile effluent, mung bean seed germination test was performed that indicated the reduction in percent seed germination and radicle-plumule growth. The culturable microbial populations were also enumerated and found to be significantly lower in the wastewater and contaminated soil than the ground water irrigated soil, thus indicating the biotic homogenization of indigenous microflora. Therefore, the study was aimed to develop a cost effective and ecofriendly method of textile waste treatment using native soil bacterium, identified as Arthrobacter soli BS5 by 16S rDNA sequencing that showed remarkable ability to degrade a textile dye reactive black 5 with maximum degradation of 98% at 37 °C and pH in the range of 5–9 after 120 h of incubation.

Toxicity evaluation of textile effluents and role of native soil bacterium in biodegradation of a textile dye.

Monitoring soil salinity via remote sensing technology under data scarce conditions: A case study from Turkey

Feasibility analysis of grid-connected and islanded operation of a solar PV microgrid system: A case study of Iraq

Plant barks are among the most widely applied low-cost biomass materials in the study of pollutant removal from aqueous media. This paper extensively reviews the experimental findings presented in open literature with much focus on the last 15 years. This study classified plant bark adsorbents into 5 broad groups (based on their preparation technique): unmodified biosorbent, pre-modified biosorbent, chemically modified biosorbent, physically modified biosorbent and bio-based activated carbon. It was observed that eucalyptus, pine, neem, acacia and mango are the most explored source species in tree bark adsorption studies. About two-third of target impurities reported on the subject in open literature have been on heavy metals. The review elucidated the excellent adsorption capacities of plant bark based adsorbents and biosorbents for the uptake of heavy metals, dyes, pesticides and other pollutants. Adsorption was majorly best-fit to either the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm models and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The thermodynamics findings revealed that the adsorption is highly spontaneous and is by a physical mechanism in most cases. It was also observed that plant barks have high reusability potential thereby underlying their usefulness for industrial application. Knowledge gaps in the research area were also discussed in line with future perspectives.

Adsorption of pollutants by plant bark derived adsorbents: An empirical review

Phosphorus is one of the main elements for living and developing organisms. But this property increases the biological productivity in the water basin and causes eutrophication. Classical wastewater treatment processes are not effective enough in removal of the phosphate. For this reason, some chemical phosphate removal systems are developed with precipitation. In this study, adsorption method was used to remove the phosphate from the wastewater. Red- mud waste of the aluminium factories was used as an adsorbent after activation processes. The substance, produced by activating adsorbent, was used in different doses, at the different pH values etc. So, productivity of the red-mud in removal of the phosphate ion was investigated. In the experiments, the drinking water of Selcuk University in Turkey was used by adding phosphate synthetic samples. Removal productivity of phosphate was about 85% in the situation of suitable dose of red-mud and pH value.

/pdf/phosphate-removal-by-using-activated-red-mud-from-seydisehir-2fsyx6luup.pdf

Phosphate removal by using activated red mud from Seydisehir Aluminium Factory in Turkey

It is known that heavy metals form an important polluting group. They have not only toxic and carcinogen effect but also tend to accumulate in living organisms. Using the water discharged into the channel by the farmers in Konya for irrigation, causes to pollution of the fertile soils and affects the plant quality negatively. This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal deposit in the fields irrigated with sewage along the main discharge channel of Konya. As the result of the study, it was determined that using the sewage for irrigation significantly increased heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd concentrations of the soils.

/pdf/heavy-metal-accumulation-in-irrigated-soil-with-wastewater-4g48rfwf5m.pdf

Heavy metal accumulation in irrigated soil with wastewater

Anaerobic treatment system was used for determination of colour removal under batch conditions. Azo-dye (Reactive Black 5, RB 5) with glucose as a carbon source was used as a synthetic wastewater. The decolourization process follows first order kinetics with respect to RB 5 azo-dye concentration in batch conditions. Decolourization rate constant (k1) value for dye concentration of 150 mgL -1 was 0.1751 h -1 in the batch experimental study performed with RB 5. Maximum Reactive Black 5 removal efficiency was obtained after 24 hour (99%) under batch experimental condition.

/pdf/bio-decolourization-of-azo-dye-under-anaerobic-batch-438bpje3l5.pdf

Bio-decolourization of azo-dye under anaerobic batch conditions #

In this study we activated pine barks (Pinus nigra) by using NaOH and this activated material used for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Chemical activation and its enhancement effect of adsorption capacity for treatment process have been investigated in this article. FT-IR analyses were examined for the determination of surface properties changes after activation. Maximum adsorption capacity was 49 mg/g at pH 8 and with a 180-min contact time (for 35 mg/L initial concentration and a 2.5 g/L solid-to-liquid ratio) These modification processes also decreased soluble organic compounds from pine barks leading to increase in chemical oxygen demand of water. Adsorption capacities of adsorbents increased quietly as a result of modification according increase of adsorbent surface activity.

/pdf/activation-of-pine-bark-surface-with-naoh-for-lead-removal-1h8me8wnn2.pdf

Activation of pine bark surface with NaOH for lead removal

Tuz Lake is second biggest lake as a surface area in the Turkey. Tuz Lake has an important salt production potential for Turkey and occupies a wide area in the central part of Anatolia. The Tuz Lake basin occupies about 1,500 km2, and located between several cities and towns (Konya, Aksaray, Cihanbeyli, Kulu, Sereflikochisar). The lake altitude is 905 m and distances maximum 80 and 50 km, North to South and East to West respectively. About 3 billion population are living around Lake. It has small catchment basin sources. Environmental problems have increased on a World basis during the last century. Water pollution is one of the important problems discharged form the neighbour cities and towns. So that, salt production form the lake has some difficulties due to industrial pollutants. An other and main problem of the lake decreasing water level that it is seen third biggest lake after Beysehir lake. It seen to be dry in 10to 20 years period. The aim of this study, investigation of environmental problems of Tuz Lake and to improve some suggestions on these problems.

/pdf/environmental-problems-of-tuz-lake-konya-turkey-qkbkb4c2ti.pdf

Sukru Dursun

Papers

Phosphate removal by using activated red mud from Seydisehir Aluminium Factory in Turkey

Heavy metal accumulation in irrigated soil with wastewater

Bio-decolourization of azo-dye under anaerobic batch conditions #

Activation of pine bark surface with NaOH for lead removal

Environmental Problems of Tuz Lake (Konya-Turkey) #