In present study a biomass derived from the stem of Acacia nilotica has been investigated to remove As ions from surface water samples of different origins (lake, canal and river). The effects of various parameters viz. pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on the biosorption processes were systematically studied. Experimental data were modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. It was observed that As biosorption best fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The mean sorption energy (E) calculated from D-R model, indicated physico-chemical biosorption. Study of thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic, spontaneous and feasible nature of biosorption process. The pseudo-second-order rate equation described better the kinetics of As biosorption with good correlation coefficients than pseudo-first-order equation. The biomass of A. nilotica was found to be effective for the removal of As with 95% sorption efficiency at a concentration of <200 microg/L of As solution, and thus uptake capacity is 50.8 mg As/g of biomass. The A. nilotica biomass could be used as a low-cost biosorbent for As ion removal.

Biosorption studies on powder of stem of Acacia nilotica Removal of arsenic

Development of sustainable magnetic chitosan biosorbent beads for kinetic remediation of arsenic contaminated water

Adsorption of copper (II) in aqueous solution using biochars derived from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed.

Advances in application of cotton-based adsorbents for heavy metals trapping, surface modifications and future perspectives.

Dyes constitute an important group of organic contaminants and are recognized for its harmful effects on the aquatic environments and humans. Heavy metals are also the largest group of inorganic pollutants due to their accumulation in the environment, contaminate food chains and cause adverse effects on the living organisms. Biosorption capacity of Ulva lactuca biomass was assessed in batch experiments for simultaneous removal of Pb2+ and Congo red dye from binary solution. The process variables effects on Congo red dye and Pb2+ removal percentages were explored by performing 50 experiments using Face-centered central composite design. The highest removal percentages of Congo red dye (97.89%) and Pb2+ (98.78%) were achieved in the run no. 24, using 100 mg/L Congo red dye, 200 mg/L Pb2+, 3 g/L algal biomass, initial pH 6 and contact time was 120 min at 30 °C. FTIR analysis of the algal biomass showed the existence of many functional groups responsible for the biosorption process. After the biosorption process, SEM analysis revealed obvious morphological changes including surface shrinkage and the presence of new glossy Pb2+ particles, and the EDS spectra reveals presence of additional Pb2+ peak confirming the capacity of Ulva lactuca biomass to remove Pb2+ from binary solution.

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Eco-friendly approach for biosorption of Pb2+ and carcinogenic Congo red dye from binary solution onto sustainable Ulva lactuca biomass.

This study exclusively focused on the potential application of an inexpensive and sustainable waste macro-algal biomass as an adsorbent for biosorption of copper ions from aqueous medium. After extraction of agar from brown macro-marine algae Gelidiella acerosa, the residual biomass without any further treatment was used as an adsorbent for the expulsion of copper from wastewater. Physicochemical parameters of biosorption like initial pH, initial concentration of Cu(II) solution and biosorbent dosage were optimized using response surface methodology. The maximum copper biosorption potential of 96.36% was observed at optimum conditions of pH of 5.31, initial concentration of 23.87 mg/l and biosorbent dosage of 0.41 g/l. Adopting FTIR and SEM techniques, the surface morphological features of biosorbent were studied. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be a proper approach to describe biosorption kinetics. All these results confirmed that spent G. acerosa could be considered as an efficient, eco-friendly and economic alternative for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution.

/pdf/biosorption-of-copper-ii-onto-spent-biomass-of-gelidiella-407i87dlad.pdf

Biosorption of copper(II) onto spent biomass of Gelidiella acerosa (brown marine algae): optimization and kinetic studies

An assessment on removal performance of arsenic with treated Turbinaria vulgaris as an adsorbent: Characterization, optimization, isotherm, and kinetics study

The current study has focused on the removal proficiency of acid-treated brown marine algae Turbinaria vulgaris (T. vulgaris) for the removal of Cr (VI) from laboratory grade solution along with re...

Estimation of biosorption characteristics of chromium (VI) from aqueous and real tannery effluents by treated T. vulgaris: experimental assessment and statistical modelling

The current investigation focuses on a systematic study of application of two dried algal biomass (i.e., Nostoc sp. and Turbinaria vulgaris) in removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic solution as well as tannery industrial wastewater. The optimized conditions for Cr(VI) removal are nearly same for the both the biosorbents (i.e., pH 2.8, initial Cr(VI) concentration 100 mg L−1, biomass dosage of 1.2g L−1, contact time 120 and 110 min). Nostoc sp. (qmax=23.94mg g−1) was observed to possess a superior removal capability when compared to Turbinaria vulgaris (qmax=21.8mg g−1). Desorption studies were performed with four different desorbing agents. Application study was conducted using tannery wastewater with Nostoc sp. and 94.20% removal of Cr(VI) was obtained. Hence, this study revealed that Nostoc sp. and T. vulgaris both have great potential to be an environment friendly and economic biosorbent for removal of Cr(VI) containing industrial effluent.

Assessment of algal biomass towards removal of Cr(VI) from tannery effluent: a sustainable approach.

Over the past decade, essential requisite for fresh water has been potentially intensified along with the rapid growth of the world’s population and rapid industrialization. Industrial wastewaters are complex water, which contains numerous verities of compounds such as heavy metals, salts, different nutrients, cyanides, and dyes is increasing globally and needs to be concentrated as this will lead to water scarcity as well as water quality. The lack of freshwater has therefore strengthened activities toward the upgradation of existing water treatment processes and to develop advanced techniques to treat, purify, recycle, and reuse water sustainably. Different traditional techniques viz. adsorption, coagulation, biological treatment, and oxidation have been used toward the treatment of wastewater but they each have some limitations. Membrane separation techniques have become one of the promising and emerging technologies for wastewater treatment due to their discrete advantages over traditional methods. The main disadvantage of membrane technologies is membrane fouling, which decreases the membrane permeate flux and separation efficiency. This present book chapter focuses on the hybrid or integrated approach to increase the treatment efficiency and overcome the shortcoming of single membrane separation techniques. This chapter provide the knowledge on hybrid membrane techniques and huge potential toward the removal of waste effluent from industrial wastewater.

Sumalatha Boddu

Papers

Biosorption of copper(II) onto spent biomass of Gelidiella acerosa (brown marine algae): optimization and kinetic studies

An assessment on removal performance of arsenic with treated Turbinaria vulgaris as an adsorbent: Characterization, optimization, isotherm, and kinetics study

Estimation of biosorption characteristics of chromium (VI) from aqueous and real tannery effluents by treated T. vulgaris: experimental assessment and statistical modelling

Assessment of algal biomass towards removal of Cr(VI) from tannery effluent: a sustainable approach.

Hybrid membrane process: an emerging and promising technique toward industrial wastewater treatment