An overview on manufactured nanoparticles in plants: Uptake, translocation, accumulation and phytotoxicity

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are released into the environment with unknown implications in the food chain. Recent findings demonstrate that ENMs may accumulate and/or increase concentrations of the component metal or carbon nanomaterials in the fruits/grains of agricultural crops, have detrimental or beneficial effects on the agronomic traits, yield, and productivity of plants, induce modifications in the nutritional value of food crops, and transfer within trophic levels. Given this information, important questions needed to be resolved include a determination of actual or predicted concentrations of ENMs through the development of new and perhaps hybridized analytical tools, assessment of the nutritional content modifications and/or accumulation of ENMs, component metal, and cocontaminants in edible plants and their implications on human diet, nutrition, and health, assessment of the consequences of ENM-induced changes in soil health, physiological process, and yield on agricultural production and f...

Trophic Transfer, Transformation, and Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Terrestrial Environments

Foliar exposure of the crop Lactuca sativa to silver nanoparticles: Evidence for internalization and changes in Ag speciation

Exposure of engineered nanomaterials to plants: Insights into the physiological and biochemical responses-A review

The potential risks from metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment have increased with the rapidly rising demand for and use of nanoenabled consumer products. Plant’s central roles in ecosystem function and food chain integrity ensure intimate contact with water and soil systems, both of which are considered sinks for NPs accumulation. In this review, we document phytotoxicity caused by metal-based NPs exposure at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Although the exact mechanisms of plant defense against nanotoxicity are unclear, several relevant studies have been recently published. Possible detoxification pathways that might enable plant resistance to oxidative stress and facilitate NPs detoxification are reviewed herein. Given the importance of understanding the effects and implications of metal-based NPs on plants, future research should focus on the following: (1) addressing key knowledge gaps in understanding molecular and biochemical responses of plants to NPs stress through g...

Metal-Based Nanotoxicity and Detoxification Pathways in Higher Plants

Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of Gold-nanoparticles on the growth profile and yield of Brassica juncea, under field conditions. Five different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm) of Gold-nanoparticles were applied through foliar spray. Presence of Gold-nanoparticles in the leaf tissues was confirmed through atomic absorption spectroscopy. Various growth and yield related parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods, seed yield etc. were positively affected by the nanoparticle treatment. Gold-nanoparticle treatment increased the number of leaves per plant; however the average leaf area was not affected. Optimal increase in seed yield was recorded at 10 ppm of Gold-nanoparticle treatment. Reducing as well as total sugar contents increased up to 25 ppm of Gold-nanoparticle treatment. Application of nanoparticles also improved the redox status of the treated plants. The results, for the first time, demonstrate successful use of Gold-nanoparticles in enhancing growth and yield of B. juncea, under actual field conditions and present a viable alternative to GM crops for ensuring food security.

Gold-nanoparticle induced enhancement in growth and seed yield of Brassica juncea

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Role of Probiotics in Health Improvement: Adaptations, Advantages and their Uses

Rice disease classification is vital during the cultivation of rice crops. However, rice diseases were initially detected by visual examination from agricultural experts. Later the detection process progressed to automation, which involved images. The images captured lead to a lack of supporting information. The traditional approaches are less accurate when used with real time images. To address this limitation, a novel Rice Transformer is proposed in the paper that merges inputs from agricultural sensors and image data captured from the fields simultaneously. The proposed system consists of two branches: the sensor and image branches. Specifically, the attention approach is employed to extract the features from both modalities. Later, the extracted features are sent to the cross-attention module as input in a crisscross fashion, enhancing the ability to identify the features specific to rice diseases. The extracted features are further pooled, merged, and later passed through the Softmax classifier to classify the rice disease precisely. The dataset collected is a customized dataset with 4200 samples collected on a real-time basis from rice farms. The experiments conducted on the dataset represent that the proposed approach outperforms all the other fusion and attention models considered for comparison in this paper. The ablation analysis and performance metrics are measured to determine the effectiveness of the proposed system. The results achieved are quite promising as the proposed Rice transformer model achieves an accuracy of 97.38% for controlling rice disease.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09864182.pdf

Rice Transformer: A Novel Integrated Management System for Controlling Rice Diseases

Obesity is a multifaceted subject. It has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. Being overweight increases health and social problems, which may affect dental services and dental management. A review of the literature on obesity and periodontal disease suggested that they both confound each other, and obesity itself has been recognized as a major risk factor for periodontal disease. It has been found that adverse effects of obesity on periodontium may be mediated through proinflammation cytokines and various other bioactive substances. This article focuses on the possible role of obesity as a potential contributor to periodontal disease and vice-versa. The outcome of these associations can be used for various diagnostic and treatment planning purposes.

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Sumit Kumar

Papers

Gold-nanoparticle induced enhancement in growth and seed yield of Brassica juncea

Role of Probiotics in Health Improvement: Adaptations, Advantages and their Uses

Rice Transformer: A Novel Integrated Management System for Controlling Rice Diseases

Inter Relationship Between Obesity And Periodontal Disease