Objective: This study was conducted to study the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on good manufacturing practices (GMP) among food handlers in Terengganu hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done with four hospitals involved. Then, sampling method used was purposive convenience sampling. The data had been collected using a method of a questionnaire and being analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20.0 version. Results: The findings from this study indicate that food handlers in four Terengganu hospitals have a good level of knowledge (83.0±1.51), attitudes (87.2±3.42) and practices (90.7±1.76) regarding GMP. Results show that the association between socio-demographic data factors and variables of level KAP on GMP had significant value. The socio-demographic data involves were gender, ages, working experiences and attendance of training courses. In the other hand, a positive correlation was pointed out for three levels each, between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.13), knowledge and practices (r=0.24), and between attitudes and practices (r=0.42). However, only level practices and attitudes show significant correlation with p<0.05. Conclusion: As the conclusion, effective and compulsory food safety training on a regular and ongoing basis should be highlighted and conducted for all food service employees in order to minimize the prevalence of foodborne hazards.

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Knowledge, attitudes and practices (kap) on good manufacturing practices (gmp) among food handlers in terengganu hospitals

Objective: Oral care cosmetics are essential for all populations and are systematically used to treat oral problems. The chemicals free natural cosmetics are the choice of many people. Thus, this study was aimed to formulate and to assess the natural mouthwash (MW) solution from Lactobacillusfermented Thai medicinal plants juice. Methods: The selected (betel, green tea, clove, black galingale, mangosteen, and noni) plant juices were subjected to Lactobacillus plantarum mediated fermentation. The fermented plant juices (FPJ) were formulated into MW solution with different concentrations of peppermint oil. MW formulations were assessed for physical appearance, stability, and anti-microbial activities. Results: About 2% of peppermint oil in FPJ was found as organoleptically optimum. The pH and refractive indexes of the MWs were not affected during storage and stability assessments. All the FPJ-MWs formulations showed antimicrobial activity against Group A Staphylococcus, and other oral pathogens - Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, black galingale, mangosteen, and noni based MW formulas also exhibited anti-candida activity. The MW made from fermented black galingale (Kaempferia parviflora) juice was the most potent antimicrobial formulation with excellent physical stability. Conclusion: The study concluded that fermented plant-herbal juices can be used as natural MW recipe with 2% of peppermint oil to improve the flavor and aroma. The formulations were stable, free of microbial contamination, and also exhibited antimicrobial activity. Further extended stability study and clinical trials are necessary to develop a commercial FPJ-based natural MW recipe. Keywords : Fermentation, Formulation, Lactobacillus, Mouthwash.

Lactobacillus-fermented plant juice as a potential ingredient in cosmetics: formulation and assessment of natural mouthwash

Objective: The present work was aimed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of methanolic extract of Stephania elegans , an unexplored species from Menispermaceae family. Methods: The methanolic extract of S. elegans tubers was prepared and phytochemical screening and total phenolic content were analyzed by using standard methods. In vitro, antioxidant potential of methanolic extract was determined by 2-2’-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 type (MCF-7) was evaluated by 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins in the methanolic extract of S. elegans tubers. The total phenolic content in the methanolic extract was 23.0±0.06 mg GAE/g (dry mass). As revealed by ABTS assay, the methanolic extract of plant tubers showed significant radical scavenging activity (IC 50 41.66±0.015 μg/ml). The reducing power activity of the extract increased with the concentration of the extract. MTT assay indicated that S. elegans has potent cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 cells (IC 50 158.7±0.13 μg/ml). Conclusion: This is the first study demonstrating the antioxidant and anticancer capabilities of the methanolic extract of S. elegans . This study also provides a significant basis for further isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from S. elegans .

Antioxidant and anticancer activity of methanolic extract from stephania elegans

Email: abdulrohmanugm@gmail.com eISSN: 2550-2166 / © 2019 The Authors. Published by Rynnye Lyan Resources Food Research 3 (6) : 628 634 (December 2019) Journal homepage: http://www.myfoodresearch.com M IN I R E V IE W Nigella sativa oil: physico-chemical properties, authentication analysis and its antioxidant activity Rohman, A., Lukitaningsih, E., Rafi, M., Nurrulhidayah, A.F. and Windarsih, A. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Institute of Halal Industry and Systems, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Research Unit for Natural Products Technology (BPTBA), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Nigella sativa oil: physico-chemical properties, authentication analysis and its antioxidant activity

Â Objective: The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from Crataegus azarolus (L.) and the antioxidant evaluation of its extracts and compounds.Methods: The air-dried powdered parts of the plant were extracted with 70% methanol and fractionated by chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The n-butanol extract was separated using polyamide SC6 column and silica gel TLC. In addition, a fraction of silica gel column of the CHCl3 extract was analyzed by gas chromatographyâ€“mass spectrometer (GCâ€“MS). The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of CHCl3 and n-butanol extracts were estimated. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of CHCl3, n-butanol extracts, and two flavonoids were evaluated according to five different methods.Results: Eight compounds were identified in CHCl3 and n-butanol extracts, among them, five volatile compounds identified by GCâ€“MS for the 1st time from the species, as well as three known flavonol glycosides identified by spectral analysis (ultraviolet,1H-nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], and13C-NMR) and by comparison with literature data. The n-butanol extract showed the higher content of polyphenols (307.33 Â± 2.33 mg (gallic acid equivalents)/g extract) and flavonoids (143.0 Â± 2.12 mg QE/g extract) and it proves the highest antioxidant activity with all assays used.Conclusion: Five volatile compounds were identified for the 1st time from the C. azarolus and the antioxidant potential of plant extracts was measured using five different methods.

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Phytochemical constituents, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity of crataegus azarolus extracts

Human body is known to experience positive stress that keeps it vigilant and protects it from biological and physical threats. This stress turns negative when a person is confronted with continuous challenges. Also, stress and nutrition have always run in synergism with each other. Nutritional value of a person's diet depends on the overall mixture or balance of food that is eaten over a period of time, as well as on the needs of the individual. The body relies on obtaining its anti-oxidants from food and other supplements. These nutritional requirements of antioxidants are enormously altered in diseased conditions. In view of the immense medicinal importance of antioxidants, an effort has been made in this article to bring together information about the role of nutrition and antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamins, some important minerals in combating free radical generation and in general, boosting normal immune mechanisms. The present review is an attempt to generate interest in the scientific fraternity of their immense potential in preventing and treating several common diseases. Keywords: Antioxidants, Free radicals, Balanced diet, Nutrition, Oxidative stress, Vitamins.

Role of antioxidants and nutrition in oxidative stress: a review

Human body is known to experience positive stress that keeps it vigilant and protects it from biological and physical threats. This stress turns negative when a person is confronted with continuous challenges. Also, stress and nutrition have always run in synergism with each other. Nutritional value of a person's diet depends on the overall mixture or balance of food that is eaten over a period of time, as well as on the needs of the individual. The body relies on obtaining its anti-oxidants from food and other supplements. These nutritional requirements of antioxidants are enormously altered in diseased conditions. In view of the immense medicinal importance of antioxidants, an effort has been made in this article to bring together information about the role of nutrition and antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamins, some important minerals in combating free radical generation and in general, boosting normal immune mechanisms. The present review is an attempt to generate interest in the scientific fraternity of their immense potential in preventing and treating several common diseases.

Suparna M Bindu

Papers

Role of antioxidants and nutrition in oxidative stress: a review

ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND NUTRITION IN OXIDATIVE STRESS: A REVIEW Review Article