Smart Home Wireless Sensor Networks (SHWSN) are now capable of incorporating large amounts of computing power to monitor the activities of its occupants and anticipate their needs. They can provide elders and disabilities with complex customization options to allow them to tailor their environment to precise requirements. According to the latest government projections in South Korea that 38% of its population will be defined as elderly by 2050, due to life expectancy rising and birthrates falling to record lows [1], [2], and since the U.S.A. population aged over 65 reached 14% of population in 2010 with about 16% of the U.S. adults have a disability, actually for all of these high percentages, many governments are beginning to see smart home technology as a viable option in reducing the financial burden of supporting elder people through their retirement as well as for disabled people. This paper will give a snapshot on the state of the art in the smart home technology for elders and disabilities people. Also it proposes a new Elders/Disabilities Wireless Smart Home for assistive independent living (E/D-WSH) with its approximate cost compared with the Indian home automation market.

Independent Living for Persons with Disabilities and Elderly People Using Smart Home Technology

With the deployment of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), new transport safety and efficiency applications are emerging. One of the fields where the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) is expected to bring great benefits, is emergency systems. A properly designed emergency vehicle warning system should provide car drivers with adequate reaction times and additional information, complementing the currently used lights and sirens. The objective is to increase road safety and to create conditions for a fast and reliable movement of emergency vehicles (EVs). The available literature addressing privacy issues in VANET-based emergency vehicle warning systems is strongly limited. In this paper, the privacy ensuring emergency vehicle approaching warning system (PEEV-WS) is proposed based on a requirements analysis. Privacy is ensured by avoiding transmissions of sensitive information (e.g., expected EV route) over the wireless channel. This is achieved by assigning the decision-making responsibility to an EV and determining which vehicles can potentially interfere with the EV in the near future, and to notify those vehicles only by unicasting vehicle-customized information. The performance of the system is evaluated by federated telco-traffic simulations in terms of end-to-end delay and message delivery probability for three commonly used ad hoc routing protocols—Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO), as well as in terms of reaction time, which the system provides to the drivers. Despite low applicability of the ad hoc routing protocols for vehicular communication, especially for low-latency and high-frequency applications, the simulations of the communication network demonstrate that the AODV protocol, with the modified configuration, can support the emergency vehicle warning system. The traffic simulations confirm that the system has the potential to provide drivers with sufficient reaction time.

A Feasibility Study of Privacy Ensuring Emergency Vehicle Approaching Warning System

Recent years have seen a great deal of research into Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, which will contribute to advances in driving support systems. In contrast to V2I communications, V2V communications offer the advantage of not requiring infrastructure, but introduction of such systems is not expected to be effective unless there is sufficient penetration by On-Board Units (OBUs). Since this factor is, in itself, an obstacle to the penetration of V2V communications, it is essential to determine what extent of penetration should be encouraged in the initial stage in order to attain effectiveness and stimulate wider usage. Therefore, we focused on the fact that even though Large Vehicles (LVs) such as large commercial freight carriers are large and tall, and are obstacles blocking V2V communications from the viewpoint of Small Vehicles (SVs), antennas on LVs could also be used to relay communications, thereby facilitating the success of such systems. This paper presents an experiment simulating a traffic environment consisting of mixed LVs and SVs, and examined how information dissemination using V2V communication varied with changes of the percentage of vehicles equipped with OBUs. This simulation experiment revealed that prioritizing LVs for OBU installation is the effective means of increasing the packet reception ratio (PRR), and clarified some guidelines for policies that could encourage wider usage.

A study on penetration strategy of on-board unit taking account of the type of vehicles in V2V communications

In addition to the traditional acoustic siren, an emergency vehicle can use wireless communication to warn other vehicles or traffic lights of its presence, either in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) mode. The use of this technology can reduce accident risks during emergency response trips, help save time, and eventually rescue lives. Yet, an algorithm is required to help vehicles and traffic lights to take the right actions upon receiving a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) message from a nearby emergency vehicle. For this goal, a collaborative algorithm was developed and deployed in a simulated road traffic scenario with traffic lights. This scenario was used to evaluate the performance of an ambulance using both V2X communications ruled by the proposed algorithm and the traditional siren. Results show that the performance of the ambulance improves globally when V2X communications are used rather than the siren, namely in terms of average trip distance and CO 2 emission.

Performance Evaluation of an Emergency Vehicle in a Simulated Traffic Scenario

Recent years have seen a great deal of research into Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, which will contribute to advances in driving support systems. In contrast to V2I communications, V2V communications offer the advantage of not requiring infrastructure, but introduction of such systems is not expected to be effective unless there is sufficient penetration by On-Board Units (OBUs). For that reason, it is essential to determine what extent of penetration should be encouraged in the initial stage in order to attain effectiveness. Therefore, we focus on the fact that even though Large Vehicles (LVs) such as large commercial freight carriers are large and tall, and are obstacles blocking V2V communications from the viewpoint of Small Vehicles (SVs), antennas on LVs could also be used to relay communications, thereby facilitating the success of

A Study on Penetration Strategy of On-board Unit Considering the Type of Vehicles and the Obstacle Shadowing in V2V Communications

Recently, researchers have been active in Intelligent Transport System (ITS) development, especially connecting vehicles each other using the Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs).VANETs are distributed, self-organizing communication networks built up by moving vehicles, and are thus characterized by very high mobility and limited degrees of freedom in movement patterns. VANETs are an emerging research area, currently research being focused not only on providing potential applications for such type of networks, but also on providing services for emergency vehicle. We introduce a novel architecture for certain vehicles such as ambulance, fire service vans, police patrols need to be given a high priority in our envisioned network architecture, as their requirements are crucial during emergency situations. The traditional siren, they could use radio communication to warn other vehicles or to preempt traffic lights. We design architecture for an emergency vehicle communication. In VANET, vehicles uses the inter vehicle communication but, also involve roadside infrastructure like traffic lights. In our system other vehicles are warn of an approaching emergency vehicle. They also receive the detail information about the emergency vehicle and other route information. By receiving detail information, timely and correct action taken by the driver is possible, such application saves the valuable time and lives.

http://ijarcsee.org/index.php/IJARCSEE/article/download/393/360

VANET Based Communication for Emergency Vehicles

Wireless sensor networks are rapidly gaining popularity so as to cater to the requirements of different applications. This system unifies various home appliances, smart sensors and energy technologies. The smart energy market requires two types of ZigBee networks for device control and energy management. We use IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee to effectively deliver solutions for a energy management and efficiency for home automation. We present the design to evaluate the performance of the home automation users for a network-based smart home energy control. This paper designs smart home energy management descriptions and application environment. Current building control strategies are unable to incorporate occupant level comfort and meet the operation goals. In this, we present a building control strategy that optimizes the tradeoff between meeting user comfort and reduction in operation cost by reducing energy usage. We present an implementation of the proposed approach as an intelligent lighting control strategy that significantly reduces energy cost. Using this we can evaluate the network performance in smart homes.

Supriya Bhosale

Papers

VANET Based Communication for Emergency Vehicles

Smart Energy Management System Using WSN