Suraj Pant

TL;DR: It is found that the antibiotic consumption rate in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) has been converging to (and in some countries surpassing) levels typically observed in high-income countries, and projected total global antibiotic consumption through 2030 was up to 200% higher than the 42 billion DDDs estimated in 2015.

TL;DR: The disease burden caused by limited access to antimicrobials, attributable to resistance to antimicrobial resistance, and the potential effect of vaccines in restricting the need for antibiotics are assessed.

TL;DR: Since their introduction into medicine in the 1940s, antibiotics have been central to modern healthcare and their role has expanded from treating serious infections to preventing infections in surgical patients, protecting cancer patients and people with compromised immune systems.

TL;DR: The Drug Resistance Index is a useful indicator of the problem of resistance that provides a snapshot of how the antibiotics a country typically uses match their resistance profiles and can, over time, indicate changes in drug effectiveness that can be easily communicated.

TL;DR: The authors provide updated estimates of the cost-effectiveness of the major sets of interventions, recognizing that there are large knowledge gaps concerning the economics of many conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).