Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a group of nonprotein-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, are pervasively transcribed in the genome and are emerging as new players in tumorigenesis. The primary objective of t

Potential roles of abnormally expressed long noncoding RNA UCA1 and Malat-1 in metastasis of melanoma.

Background: Oncolytic viruses have become of noticeable interest as a novel biological approach for selectively infecting cancer cells and triggering apoptosis in a number of malignant cells. Many researches are devoted to characterize more viruses with oncolytic properties. Objectives: Evidences on the oncolytic feature of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are conflicting; therefore, this study was designed to elucidate the possible role of RSV on the modulation of cell growth and apoptosis in the skin cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Plaque assay was used to determine RSV titers. The cytotoxic effect of RSV in A431 (skin carcinoma cell line) was determined using MTT assay. The detection of apoptosis was performed via Annexin-V-FITC staining method and analyzed with flow cytometry. Results: The results indicated that A431 cell growth was inhibited following infection by RSV in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The most growth inhibitory effect of RSV was occurred at the MOI of 3, and 48 hour after infection. The inhibitory effect of RSV on the cell growth was accompanied by the induction of apoptosis in the skin cancer cells. The percentages of early and late apoptotic cells were increased following exposure to RSV in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Conclusions: This study delineated the beneficial role of RSV for growth regulation of skin cancer cells and highlighted the involvement of RSV in the induction of apoptosis in A431 cells. These findings might conduct evidence into the oncolytic properties of RSV in the skin cancer. Further studies are required to indicate intracellular targets for RSV-induced apoptosis in skin cancer cells.

The Oncolytic Effect of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Human Skin Cancer Cell Line, A431

Background: To date, limited options are available to treat malignant prostate cancer, and novel strategies need to be developed. Oncolytic viruses (OV) that have preferential replication capabilities in cancer cells rather than normal cells represent one promising alternative for treating malignant tumors. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus with the inherent capability to selectively kill tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of VSV-ΔM51-GFP as an effective therapeutic agent for treating prostate tumors. Methods: For in vitro experiments, DU145 and PC3 cell lines were treated with VSV-ΔM51-GFP. Viral titers were quantified using plaque assays. Cytotoxicity was performed by MTT analysis. IFN-β production was measured using a Human IFN-β detection ELISA Kit. The detection of apoptosis was performed via Annexin-V-FITC staining method and analyzed with flow cytometry. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of VSV-ΔM51-GFP in a xenograft mice prostate tumor model. Results: It was observed that VSV-ΔM51-GFP can efficiently replicate and lyse human prostate cancer cells and that this virus has reduced toxicity against normal human prostate epithelial cells in vitro. VSV-ΔM51-GFP in the induction of apoptosis in DU145 cells and PC3 cells. Furthermore, in a xenograft tumor animal model, nude mice bearing replication-competent VSV-ΔM51-GFP were able to eradicate malignant cells while leaving normal tissue relatively unaffected. The survival of the tumor-burdened animals treated with VSV-ΔM51-GFP may also be significantly prolonged compared to mock-infected animals. Conclusions: VSV-ΔM51-GFP showed promising oncolytic activity for treating prostate cancer.

https://www.ijcem.com/files/ijcem0000256.pdf

Evaluation of vesicular stomatitis virus mutant as an oncolytic agent against prostate cancer

Gliosarcoma, a variant of isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma, is largely a lobar surfacing neoplasm often with dural attachment. In this biphasic neoplasm, the sarcomatous component usually takes the form of fibrosarcoma or malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Heterologous sarcomatous differentiation is a rare phenomenon. Here, we present a case of gliosarcoma with liposarcomatous and myosarcomatous differentiation in a 68-year-old man which was purely intraventricular. This is the first report of such a morphologic pattern in this location. Varied histological components with their immunohistochemical profile are discussed. Of note was the presence of a p53 negative giant cell glioblastoma component, as was the expression in the rest of the tumor.

Intraventricular gliosarcoma with dual sarcomatous differentiation: A unique case.

Very few cases of gliosarcoma (GS) in the spinal cord with or without rhabdomyoblastic differentiation have been reported at young ages, leading to limited information on the clinical, pathological and prognosis of this type of tumors. We report a case of GS with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in a 6-year-old girl in C1-C6 level spinal cord. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of GS with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation primarily developed in spinal cord at such a young age. Histologically, GS is composed of both glioblastoma components and malignant mesenchymal components. In the present case, the mesenchymal portion displayed a typical pattern of rhabdoid morphology. The rhabdomyoblastic-differentiated cells were confirmed by desmin, MyoD1, myogenin and Vimentin immunopositivity. Loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and amplification of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) were not detected in both parts of GS (glioblastoma component and rhabdomyosarcoma component). Interestingly, in this case rhabdomyoblastic-differentiated cells (rhabdomyosarcoma component) were focally negative for integrase interaction 1 (INI-1) protein and glial cells (glioblastoma component) were positive, and monosomy 22 in the former and absence in the latter. The patient only received low-dose radiotherapy and survived only 6 months after diagnosis. GSs with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation have a worse prognosis than common GSs and high-dose radiotherapy is suggested to considerer.

Spinal cord gliosarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation: a case report.

Advanced malignant melanoma is incurable by the current means of therapy. Traditional morphological classification (nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, nevoid melanoma etc.) does not have any significant prognostic or predictive impact. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis and the availability of targeted therapies have produced several positive results. In the near future, the main challenge for pathologists, geneticists and oncologists will be the identification of accurate therapeutic targets, as well as mechanisms of resistance, in melanoma in the particular patient in care.

[Targeted therapy of melanoma: fact or fiction?].

UNLABELLED Gliosarcoma (GS) is a relatively rare glioblastoma variant characterized by biphasic glial and mesenchymal differentiation patterns. The sarcomatous part most commonly resembles fibrosarcoma or so-called malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Rarely, GS shows heterologous lines of differentiation in the form of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, squamous or glandular malignant epithelial differentiation, or primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)-like foci. When rhabdomyoblastic differentiation occurs, it is in the form of malignant spindle cells, with cross-striated strap cells or rounded rhabdomyoblasts reminiscent of the embryonal type of rhabdomyosarcoma. We are reporting a case of GS with an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma-like component. The tumor consisted of poorly differentiated primitive small round cells growing in a solid and alveolar pattern, with minimal cytoplasm, markedly elevated mitotic activity and numerous apoptotic nuclei. Rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation was confirmed by desmin and myogenin immunopositivity. To the best of our knowledge, this histologic pattern has not been previously reported in GS. Differential diagnostic considerations are discussed. KEYWORDS gliosarcoma - alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma - myogenin - desmin.

/pdf/gliosarcoma-with-alveolar-rhabdomyosarcoma-like-component-2ptbv9bhlz.pdf

Svajdler M

Papers

[Targeted therapy of melanoma: fact or fiction?].

Gliosarcoma with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma-like component: report of a case with a hitherto undescribed sarcomatous component.