Generalized Linear Models (2nd ed.)

Every year, around 830 000 children die from unintentional or "accidental" injuries. The vast majority of these injuries occur in low-income and middle-income countries. However, dozens of prevention strategies and programmes exist. If they were integrated into other child survival programmes and implemented on a larger scale, many of these deaths and much of the injury-related disability could be prevented. Improved health services could also go a long way in reducing the consequences of these injuries.To draw attention to this important public health problem and the possible solutions, WHO and UNICEF have produced this World report on child injury prevention with support from many experts. The report documents the magnitude, risks and prevention measures for child injuries globally –particularly for drowning, burns, road traffic injuries, falls and poisoning. The report makes seven concrete recommendations for policy-makers to improve child injury prevention. This new document is an important policy and advocacy tool for raising attention the issue and guiding action around the world.

World Report on Child Injury Prevention

This book includes detailed information on many of the factors surrounding injuries--the man-made systems and products involved, the groups at greatest risk, and effective ways to protect people from injuries. The circumstances under which injuries occur, the etiologic agents, and the characteristics of the people involved are examined. Chapter 2 summarizes the importance of injuries in relation to other prominent health problems. Subsequent chapters describe injury mortality and, in cases where good population-based studies are available, nonfatal injuries. The analyses in Chapters 3-15 are primarily of injury deaths during 1977-1979, the most recent years for which detailed mortality data were available in mid-1983 for deaths other than those related to motor vehicles. Most of these data were collected by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Chapters 16-20 summarize data on deaths from motor vehicle-related injuries. Most of these detailed data were obtained from the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Data from the 1980 census provided denominators for the rates throughout the book, except for trendline calculations which were based on interpolations between census years. The purpose of this book is to improve understanding of the nature and magnitude of the injury problem in the United States. Although it includes some discussion of ameliorative approaches, there is no comprehensive coverage of injury research, theory, or prevention, since these have been comprehensively discussed elsewhere. This book is a thorough documentation of the injury problem. Most of the information presented is new, the product of analyses not previously published in any form.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3342319.pdf

The injury fact book

Since its development, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been widely used in both research and practice. The SDQ screens for positive and negative psychological attributes. This review aims to provide an overview of the psychometric properties of the SDQ for 4- to 12-year-olds. Results from 48 studies (N = 131,223) on reliability and validity of the parent and teacher SDQ are summarized quantitatively and descriptively. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater agreement are satisfactory for the parent and teacher versions. At subscale level, the reliability of the teacher version seemed stronger compared to that of the parent version. Concerning validity, 15 out of 18 studies confirmed the five-factor structure. Correlations with other measures of psychopathology as well as the screening ability of the SDQ are sufficient. This review shows that the psychometric properties of the SDQ are strong, particularly for the teacher version. For practice, this implies that the use of the SDQ as a screening instrument should be continued. Longitudinal research studies should investigate predictive validity. For both practice and research, we emphasize the use of a multi-informant approach.

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Psychometric Properties of the Parent and Teacher Versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for 4- to 12-Year-Olds: A Review

An apposite and eminently readable reference for all behavioral science research and development

Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science

Chin Position: to treat or not to treat.

/pdf/physical-exercise-as-a-key-health-determinant-among-patients-3vz8h35guy.pdf

Physical exercise as a key health determinant among patients.

Parents of children with developmental disabilities, particularly mothers, are likely to suffer from stress. Nevertheless, the association between parenting stress and the type and extent of disabi...

Factors Associated with Parenting Stress among Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-sectional Study

Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of Karachi University students about reproductive health and rights. Design: Cross sectional study Methods: A survey was conducted from February to May 2005 to determine the understanding and knowledge related to reproductive health and rights among the students of the department o f Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan. A pre-coded questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. The questionnaire was introduced to those students, who agreed to participate in the study. Data collected was double entered and analyzed on SPSS and Epi-info latest version. Results: Fifty five percent (55%) of participants believed the reproductive rights to be as important as other human rights. About 80% o f participants thought that proper birth spacing can improve maternal and child health but very few Pakistani women have birth spacing rights. Quality of life o f women and men can be improved by knowing their reproductive rights in view o f 71% and 63 % o f respondents respectively. Conclusion: Although one third of participants claimed to be aware of their reproductive rights but majority were unable to identify what exactly comes under the domain o f reproductive rights. Majority knew that appropriate use of contraception and birth spacing can have positive impact on maternal and child health. The study recommends that awareness sessions should be conducted at all lev els of society and more efforts should be made to improve reproductive health and increase awareness and the implementation of reproductive righ

/pdf/awareness-about-reproductive-health-and-rights-among-1clv5mkodc.pdf

Awareness about reproductive health and rights among students of a public university in karachi, pakistan: a cross sectional study

Aim: Electric fluctuations in the developing world are common and may affect dental composite curing. We determined the effect of variable voltage and increasing thickness of different shades of composite on its depth-of-cure.Materials and methods: ISO scrapping method was used on 14 commonly used shades of Esthet-X HD composites. Student's t-test and ANOVA were applied to compare the mean depth-of-cure and a linear regression model was developed using variables voltage (180 V and 220 V), material thickness (2, 4 and 6 mm) and shades (n = 14).Results: The mean curing depth of samples was significantly reduced at 180 volts compared to 220 volts (p-value <0.002). At thickness of 2 mm, all samples were fully cured but when it was raised to 4 mm, the depth-of-cure reduced to 1.86 mm ± 0.06; while at 6 mm thickness, it reached to 1.96 mm ± 0.06 (p-value < 0.001).Conclusion: Around 82% variation in the depth-of-cure is explained by voltage, thickness and shade of composite material (p-value <0.001).Clinical significance: Electric fluctuations are prevalent in the developing world and thus poor voltage flow is responsible for dental composite's inadequate polymerization.

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Syed Iqbal Azam

Papers

Chin Position: to treat or not to treat.

Physical exercise as a key health determinant among patients.

Factors Associated with Parenting Stress among Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-sectional Study

Awareness about reproductive health and rights among students of a public university in karachi, pakistan: a cross sectional study

The Effect of Different Shades, Voltages and Increment Thickness on the Polymerization Depth of a Microhybrid Composite