Heat potentialities are one criterion for evaluating the speed and economics of steelmaking processes. The heat balances for LD, Kaldo, and open-hearth furnace operations are compared. Improvements in open-hearth performance by the use of roof lances are illustrated by heat balances. Further improvements in open-hearth performance by the use of continuously preheated and desiliconized hot metal with and without the roof lances are discussed in detail.

Steelmaking Heat Potentialities Point Toward Continuous Processing

For several years the steelmaking industry has been experimenting with the use of oxygen roof lances in open-hearth furnaces. This article describes operating experience with this technique at three plants of Bethlehem Steel Co.

T. B. Winkler

Papers

Operating Experience with Open-Hearth Lances