The adsorption, regeneration and engineering applications of biochar for removal organic pollutants: a review.

Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research. It opens up a wide array of opportunities in various fields like medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics and agriculture. The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. The current global population is nearly 7 */billion with 50% living in Asia. A large proportion of those living in developing countries face daily food shortages as a result of environmental impacts or political instability, while in the developed world there is surplus of food. For developing countries, the drive is to develop drought and pest resistant crops, which also maximize yield. The potential of nanotechnology to revolutionise the health care, textile, materials, information and communication technology, and energy sectors has been well publicized. The application of nanotechnology to agriculture and food industries is also getting attention nowadays. Investments in agriculture and food nanotechnologies carry increasing weight because their potential benefits range from improved food quality and safety to reduced agricultural inputs and improved processing and nutrition. While most investment is made primarily in developed countries, research advancements provide glimpses of potential applications in agricultural, food, and water safety that could have significant impacts on rural populations in developing countries. This review is concentrated on modern strategies used for the management of water, pesticides, limitations in the use of chemical pesticides and potential of nano-materials in sustainable agriculture management as modern approaches of nanotechnology. 
 
   
 
 Key words: Agriculture, nanotechnology, nanofertilizer, nanoencapsulation, nanoherbicides.

Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: Present concerns and future aspects

According to the proposed definition by FAO/WHO, probiotics must be alive and abundant once ingested. However, during recent years, new definitions are added to the probiotic terminology such as ‘paraprobiotics’ (dead/inactive cells of probiotics) and ‘postbiotics’ (healthful metabolites of probiotics), because findings have shown that dead cells (intact or ruptured) could also show significant health impacts on human. However, mentioned terms are not accurate and impressive enough to reflect the intended meanings regarding all states of probiotic benefits and it seems that a disturbance and confusion in probiotic glossary has been occurred. As a result, a new terminology based on a new efficient approach and conceptualization is needed for a global agreement and usage. In the present paper, we are honored to propose such terminology to provide mentioned comprehensive approach and terminology for all aspects of probiotic benefits. We are proposing three main classes of probiotic including ‘true probiotic’ (TP) referring to viable and active probiotic cell, ‘pseudo-probiotic’ (PP) referring to viable and inactive cell, in the forms of vegetative or spore (PPV or PPS) and ‘ghost probiotic’ (GP) referring to dead/nonviable cell, in the forms of intact or ruptured (GPI or GPR). Each of these classes are classified into two groups based on their site of action/impact: internal (in vivo) or external (in vitro).

Probiotic: conceptualization from a new approach

Advances in production and application of biochar from lignocellulosic feedstocks for remediation of environmental pollutants.

Biosurfactant: A new frontier for greener technology and environmental sustainability.

Role of biosurfactants in bioremediation of oil pollution-a review

Molecular docking and dynamic simulations for antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2: A computational study.

The best therapeutic strategy to find an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is to explore the target structural protein. In the present study, a novel multi-epitope vaccine is designed using in silico tools that potentially trigger both CD4 and CD8 T-cell immune responses against the novel Coronavirus. The vaccine candidate was designed using B and T-cell epitopes that can act as an immunogen and elicits immune response in the host system. NCBI was used for the retrieval of surface spike glycoprotein, of novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) strains. VaxiJen server screens the most important immunogen of all the proteins and IEDB server gives the prediction and analysis of B and T cell epitopes. Final vaccine construct was designed in silico composed of 425 amino acids including the 50S ribosomal protein adjuvant and the construct was computationally validated in terms of antigenicity, allergenicity and stability on considering all critical parameters into consideration. The results subjected to the modeling and docking studies of vaccine were validated. Molecular docking study revealed the protein-protein binding interactions between the vaccine construct and TLR-3 immune receptor. The MD simulations confirmed stability of the binding pose. The immune simulation results showed significant response for immune cells. The findings of the study confirmed that the final vaccine construct of chimeric peptide could able to enhance the immune response against nCoV-19.

Design of multi-epitope vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2: a in-silico study.

The bacteria residing in the gut environment do play a pivotal role in metabolic activities of the host. The metabolites produced by these bacteria affect the physiology and health of the host. The gut bacteria are exposed to environmental conditions where multiple factors such as lifestyle, stress, antibiotics, host genetics and infections have an influence on them. In case of pathogenesis of a disease, the gut bacterial composition is altered which leads to a diseased state. This stage is due to colonization of bacterial pathogens in the gut environment. The pathological condition can be alleviated by administering probiotic strains into the gut environment. The probiotic strains produce therapeutic molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, bacteriocins, enzymes, immunomodulatory compounds and short-chain fatty acids. This review discusses recent evidences of the impact of bioactive molecules produced by probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action in the gut environment to maintain homeostasis and health of the host without any effect on beneficial bacteria sharing the same niche. In addition, the manufacturing challenges of probiotic products for various applications are discussed here.

Bioactive molecules of probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action: a review

In the present study, we explored phytochemical constituents of Tinospora cordifolia in terms of its binding affinity targeting the active site pocket of the main protease (3CL pro) of SARS-CoV-2 u...

T.C. Venkateswarulu

Papers

Role of biosurfactants in bioremediation of oil pollution-a review

Molecular docking and dynamic simulations for antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2: A computational study.

Design of multi-epitope vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2: a in-silico study.

Bioactive molecules of probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action: a review

Screening of phytochemical compounds of Tinospora cordifolia for their inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study.