http://www.uzhelth.org/docs/second-student-mobility/Dorny%202009%20emerging%20food%20borne%20parasites.pdf

Emerging food-borne parasites

The disaster at Fukushima last year reignited the nuclear debate and left many wondering if the risks involved in nuclear power were worth the benefits. What Will Work? delves even deeper into the issue by questioning the validity of nuclear power’s supposed cost-free and carbon-free advantages. Maria Carvalho thinks the book provides an illuminating analysis on a rather opaque and technocratic industry.

What Will Work: Fighting Climate Change with Renewable Energy, Not Nuclear Power

Helminth infections are responsible for a considerable public health burden, yet the current drug armamentarium is small. Given the high cost of drug discovery and development, the high failure rates and the long duration to develop novel treatments, drug repurposing circumvents these obstacles by finding new uses for compounds other than those they were initially intended to treat. In the present review, we summarize in vivo and clinical trial findings testing clinical candidates and marketed drugs against schistosomes, food-borne trematodes, soil-transmitted helminths, Strongyloides stercoralis, the major human filariases lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, taeniasis, neurocysticercosis and echinococcosis. While expanding the applications of broad-spectrum or veterinary anthelmintics continues to fuel alternative treatment options, antimalarials, antibiotics, antiprotozoals and anticancer agents appear to be producing fruitful results as well. The trematodes and nematodes continue to be most investigated, while cestodal drug discovery will need to be accelerated. The most clinically advanced drug candidates include the artemisinins and mefloquine against schistosomiasis, tribendimidine against liver flukes, oxantel pamoate against trichuriasis, and doxycycline against filariasis. Preclinical studies indicate a handful of promising future candidates, and are beginning to elucidate the broad-spectrum activity of some currently used anthelmintics. Challenges and opportunities are further discussed.

Repurposing drugs for the treatment and control of helminth infections.

The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a group of parasitic and related infectious diseases such as amebiasis, Chagas disease, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hookworm, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis Together, these conditions are considered the most common infections in low- and middle-income countries, where they produce a level of global disability and human suffering equivalent to better known conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and malaria Despite their global public health importance, progress on developing vaccines for NTD pathogens has lagged because of some key technical hurdles and the fact that these infections occur almost exclusively in the world's poorest people living below the World Bank poverty line In the absence of financial incentives for new products, the multinational pharmaceutical companies have not embarked on substantive research and development programs for the neglected tropical disease vaccines Here, we review the current status of scientific and technical progress in the development of new neglected tropical disease vaccines, highlighting the successes that have been achieved (cysticercosis and echinococcosis) and identifying the challenges and opportunities for development of new vaccines for NTDs Also highlighted are the contributions being made by non-profit product development partnerships that are working to overcome some of the economic challenges in vaccine manufacture, clinical testing, and global access

/pdf/vaccines-to-combat-the-neglected-tropical-diseases-3swe9g3411.pdf

Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases.

https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/pdf/S1471-4922(09)00283-9.pdf

Immunodiagnosis of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis

hyperoxia greatly reduces the incidence of phenytoin-induced cleft lip and palate in A/J mice. Science 212: 671–672 10. Moerman P, Fryns J P, Goddeeris P, Lauweryns J M, van Assche A 1983 Aberrant twinning (diprosopus) associated with anencephaly. Clinical Genetics 24: 252–256 11. Ramadan R O 1996 A dicephalic goat with other defects. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin Reihe A 43: 337–343 12. Saini S S, Khehra R S, Kwatra M S 1993 A diprosopus in a domestic chicken embryo. Avian Diseases 37: 898–899 13. Tiessen R G, van Elsacker-Niele A M, Vermeij-Keers C, Oepkes D, van Roosmalen J, Gorsira M C 1994 A fetus with a parvovirus B19 infection and congenital anomalies. Prenatal Diagnosis 14: 173–176 14. Verdi G D, Hersh J H, Russell L J 1991 Partial duplication of the face: case report and review. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 87: 759–762 15. Wei X, Sulik K K 1993 Pathogenesis of craniofacial and body wall malformations induced by ochratoxin A in mice. American Journal of Medical Genetics 47: 862–871 16. Yoneda T, Pratt R M 1982 Vitamin B6 reduces cortisone-induced cleft palate in the mouse. Teratology 26: 255–258

http://jsava.co.za/index.php/jsava/article/download/343/330

T. E. Nash

Papers

WHO/FAO/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis