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Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms

Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility

Given a set of objects in a scene whose identifications are ambiguous, it is often possible to use relationships among the objects to reduce or eliminate the ambiguity. A striking example of this approach was given by Waltz [13]. This paper formulates the ambiguity-reduction process in terms of iterated parallel operations (i.e., relaxation operations) performed on an array of (object, identification) data. Several different models of the process are developed, convergence properties of these models are established, and simple examples are given.

Scene Labeling by Relaxation Operations

A psychological taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms: the interpersonal domain

Is there a need for fuzzy logic

The papers presented in this volume were contributed by participants in \nthe U.S.-Japan Seminar on Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications, held at the \nUniversity of California, Berkeley, in July 1974. These papers cover a broad \nspectrum of topics related to the theory of fuzzy sets, ranging from its mathematical aspects to applications in human cognition, communication, decisionmaking, and engineering systems analysis. Basically, a fuzzy set is a class in which there may be a continuum of grades of membership as, say, in the class of long objects. Such sets underlie much of our ability to summarize, communicate, and make decisions under uncertainty or partial information. Indeed, fuzzy sets appear to play an essential role in human cognition, especially in relation to concept formation, pattern classification, and logical reasoning. \nSince its inception about a decade ago, the theory of fuzzy sets has evolved in many directions, and is finding pplications in a wide variety of fields in which the phenomena under study are too complex or too ill defined to be analyzed by conventional techniques. Thus, by providing a basis for a systematic approach to approximate reasoning, the theory of fuzzy sets may well have a substantial impact on scientific methodology in the years ahead, particularly in the realms of psychology, economics, law, medicine, decision analysis, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence. \nThe U.S.-Japan Seminar on Fuzzy Sets was sponsored by the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science Program, with the joint support of the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. In organizing the seminar, the co-chairmen received considerable help from J.E. O’Connell and L. Trent of the National Science Foundation; the staff of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; and D. J. Angelakos and his staff at the University of California, Berkeley. As co-editors of this volume, we wish also to express our heartfelt appreciation to Terry Brown for her invaluable assistance in the preparation of the manuscript, and to Academic Press for undertaking its publication. \nFor the convenience of the reader, a brief introduction to the theory of fuzzy sets is provided in the Appendix of the first paper in this volume. An up-to-date bibliography on fuzzy sets and their applications is included at the \nend of the volume.

Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes

Review of the various aspects of biological control systems and their relation to feedback theory is presented in this paper. To systematize the study of biocontrol systems the material is classified into the following topics: 1) General Human Operator Dynamics; 2) Neuromuscular Systems; 3) Eye Dynamics; 4) Respiratory and Circulatory Systems; 5) Biological Process Control; 6) Central Nervous Systems and Brain. Each of the above topics is summarily discussed and each is separately documented with the pertinent literature and research activities. In the conclusion of the paper the connection between the recent theoretical work in feedback control and the problems of bio-control systems is discussed. It is hoped that with this survey a new burst of research activities on the part of control scientists in the challenging field of biocontrol systems will be materialized.

T. Pavlidis

Papers

Fuzzy sets and their applications to cognitive and decision processes

A literature survey of biocontrol systems