This literature review presents the History, Technology, and Applications of Natural Dialog Systems or simply chatbots. It aims to organize critical information that is a necessary background for further research activity in the field of chatbots. More specifically, while giving the historical evolution, from the generative idea to the present day, we point out possible weaknesses of each stage. After we present a complete categorization system, we analyze the two essential implementation technologies, namely, the pattern matching approach and machine learning. Moreover, we compose a general architectural design that gathers critical details, and we highlight crucial issues to take into account before system design. Furthermore, we present chatbots applications and industrial use cases while we point out the risks of using chatbots and suggest ways to mitigate them. Finally, we conclude by stating our view regarding the direction of technology so that chatbots will become really smart.

Chatbots: History, technology, and applications

The days of solely engaging with a service through a keyboard are over. Users interact with systems more and more through voice assistants and chatbots. A chatbot is a computer program that can converse with humans using Artificial Intelligence in messaging platforms. Every time the chatbot gets input from the user, it saves input and response which helps chatbot with little initial knowledge to evolve using gathered responses. With increased responses, precision of the chatbot also gets increases. The ultimate goal of this project is to add a chatbot feature and API for Matrusri Engineering College. This project will investigate how advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technology are being used to improve many services. Specifically it will look at development of chatbots as a channel for information distribution. The program selects the closest matching response from closest matching statement that matches input utilizing WordNet, it then chooses response from known selection of statements for that response. This project aimed to implement online chatbot system to assist users who access college website, using tools that expose Artificial Intelligence methods such as Natural Language Processing, allowing users to communicate with college chatbot using natural language input and to train chatbot using appropriate Machine Learning methods so it will be able to generate a response. There are numerous applications that are incorporating a human appearance and intending to simulate human dialog, yet in most part of the cases knowledge of chatbot is stored in a database created by a human expert.

Smart College Chatbot using ML and Python

In recent years, gradual improvements in communication and connectivity technologies have enabled new technical possibilities for the adoption of chatbots across diverse sectors such as customer services, trade, and marketing. The chatbot is a platform that uses natural language processing, a subset of artificial intelligence, to find the right answer to all users’ questions and solve their problems. Advanced chatbot architecture that is extensible, scalable, and supports different services for natural language understanding (NLU) and communication channels for interactions of users has been proposed. The paper describes overall chatbot architecture and provides corresponding metamodels as well as rules for mapping between the proposed and two commonly used NLU metamodels. The proposed architecture could be easily extended with new NLU services and communication channels. Finally, two implementations of the proposed chatbot architecture are briefly demonstrated in the case study of “ADA” and “COVID-19 Info Serbia”.

Extensible Chatbot Architecture Using Metamodels of Natural Language Understanding

The use of intelligent machines such as chatbot have been increasing each day. The main idea that we wanted to address in our paper is that with the capabilities that intelligent machines have it will be able to replace humans in doing a certain task and be able to bring better advantages in the long run. The focus of this study is that we are able to manipulate the ability of chatbot to impersonate how humans interact with each other and will enable it to play a role as to handle the customer service in e-commerce websites or applications which will be an alternative to replace the traditional customer service

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The Application of Chatbot for Customer Service in E-Commerce

Kemajuan teknologi membuat banyak otomatisasi dalam dunia industri, Salah satunya penerapan Chatbot pada industri pendidikan. Dengan teknologi otomatisasi ini, Memudahkan universitas untuk melayani mahasiswa kapanpun waktunya dan dimanapun tempatnya. Kurangnya literasi mahasiswa terhadap fungsi dan penggunaan web kuliah dalam melaksanakan kuliah online menyebabkan banyaknya pertanyaan yang sama secara berulang kepada pihak universitas yang sebenarnya pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan sudah ditulis dalam daftar pertanyaan yang sering muncul(Faq), seperti: pengumpulan tugas, lupa password , kuliah online, kuliah video conference dan aplikasi web kuliah di android. Dengan menggunakan Chatbot secara otomatis akan menjawab pertanyaan mahasiswa dilaman web kuliah dengan memberikan informasi dan mengarahkan sesuai dengan jawaban pertanyaan. Dalam penelitian ini akan dikembangkan model Chatbot berbasis teks dengan menggunakan algoritma Artificial neural network (ANN). Dataset yang digunakan untuk melakukan pelatihan Chatbot merupakan data pertanyaan sering timbul (Faq) didalam web kuliah yaitu 25 pertanyaan beserta jawaban yang dibagi kedalam 16 label atau kelas. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 110 percakapan yang berbeda dengan dataset tetapi mempunyai maksud yang sama. Dari 110 percakapan Chatbot berhasil menjawab dengan tepat sebanyak 107 percakapan dan jawaban salah sebanyak 3 percakapan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan hasil yang baik yaitu mempunyai akurasi 97,27 % dan kesalahan 2,72 %. Kata Kunci: Chatbot , Artificial Neural Network, ANN, Berbasis teks.

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Algoritma Artificial Neural Network pada Text-based Chatbot Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) Web Kuliah Universitas Nasional

Now-a-days development of chatbot using different methods become trendier, till now many conversational chatbots were designed for the replacement of traditional chatbots. A chatbot is a software that is capable of communicating and performing actions like the way human do. Chatbot will give response for the query given by the user and it also capable of executing tasks. Chatbots developed in olden days are so difficult to perform task but chatbot developed in recent years are good in performance and its development also become easier because of wide availability of development platforms and wide availability of source code. There are many methods to develop chatbot, it can be developed using either natural language processing (NLP) or deep learning. In this project we developed a chatbot using machine learning which helps to give information about our college.

T. Sachin

Papers

Developing a Chatbot Using Machine Learning