A Review on Piezoelectric, Magnetostrictive, and Magnetoelectric Materials and Device Technologies for Energy Harvesting Applications

The interaction action between structures and supporting soil media is of fundamental importance in foundation design and it has always attracted the attention of both researchers and engineers. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in this field, highlighting the key areas of development, including the modelling of the soil media and various analytical as well as numerical approaches in analysing the interaction action between the foundation and soil. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Beams and plates on elastic foundations: a review

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Finite element model updating

The field of energy harvesting has grown concurrently with the rapid development of portable and wireless electronics in which reliable and long-lasting power sources are required. Electrochemical batteries have a limited lifespan and require periodic recharging. In contrast, vibration energy harvesters can supply uninterrupted power by scavenging useful electrical energy from ambient structural vibrations. This article reviews the current state of vibration energy harvesters based on magnetostrictive materials, especially Terfenol-D and Galfenol. Existing magnetostrictive harvester designs are compared in terms of various performance metrics. Advanced techniques that can reduce device size and improve performance are presented. Models for magnetostrictive devices are summarized to guide future harvester designs.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/aa8347/pdf

Review of magnetostrictive vibration energy harvesters

On the application of bees algorithm to the problem of crack detection of beam-type structures

This work deals with the dynamic bending and energy harvesting characteristics of giant magnetostrictive cantilevers with resonant tuning both numerically and experimentally. The giant magnetostrictive cantilever is fabricated using a thin Terfenol-D layer, SUS layer, movable proof mass, etc, and, is designed to automatically adjust its own resonant frequency to match the external vibration frequency in real time. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted, and the resonant frequency, induced voltage and stress in the magnetostrictive cantilevers were predicted. The resonant frequency and induced voltage were also measured, and comparison was made between simulation and experiment. The time-varying behavior and self-tuning ability are discussed in detail.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/24/12/125032/pdf

Characteristics of vibration energy harvesting using giant magnetostrictive cantilevers with resonant tuning

In this paper, a method for identifying of a crack in a plate that uses a genetic algorithm (GA) based on changes in natural frequencies is presented. To calculate the natural frequencies of the cracked plates, a FEM (Finite Element Method) program, which is based on the BFM (Bogner, Fox and Schmidt) model, is developed since the accuracy of the forward solver is important. In the analysis, two types of cracks, i.e., internal and edge cracks are considered. To identify the crack location and the depth from frequency measurements, the width and position of the crack in a plate are coded into a fixed-length binary digit string. Using GA, the square sum of residuals between the measured data and the calculated data is minimized in the identification process and thus the crack is identified. To avoid a high calculation cost, the response surface method (RSM) is also adopted in the minimizing process. The combination of GA and RSM makes the identification more effective and robust. The applicability of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of numerical simulation.

Crack Identification of Plates Using Genetic Algorithm

A method is proposed for calculating the large deflection of beams on an elastic foundation using the boundary integral equation method. The elastic foundation is assumed to be of the Pasternak type. In the analysis, the governing equation is transformed into a more convenient form such that the iterative scheme can easily be applied to large deflection problems. A fundamental solution required in the formulation is derived by solving the singular differential equation. It is found that the numerical results obtained by the present method agree well with the analytical solutions. To show the usefulness of the method, several numerical results based on the formulation are given for various types of boundary conditions.

Large Deflection Analysis of Beams on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation Using the Boundary Integral Equation Method

In this paper, we analyze the elastic field caused by an arbitrary polygonal inclusion (with uniform eigenstrain prescribed) in an infinite elastic solid. Closed-form solutions are obtained using Green’s function technique. Numerical calculations are performed for the strain and stress distributions in and around a regular polygonal inclusion. It is shown that logarithmic-type stress singularity at each corner of the inclusion may vanish only for a square inclusion of a specific orientation. Unique properties of the Eshelby tensor of a regular polygonal inclusion found by Nozaki and Taya [ASME J. Appl. Mech., Vol. 64, 1997, pp. 495-502] are also investigated in detail and the terms that cause the properties are specified.

Tadashi Horibe

Papers

Characteristics of vibration energy harvesting using giant magnetostrictive cantilevers with resonant tuning

Crack Identification of Plates Using Genetic Algorithm

Large Deflection Analysis of Beams on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation Using the Boundary Integral Equation Method

Stress Field Caused by Polygonal Inclusion

Large deflections of tapered cantilever beams made of axially functionally graded material