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Properties Of Concrete

The author details the reactions of various concretes on steel reinforcement. Although portland cements, slag cements and high alumina cements are all hydraulic binders, each possess special properties which are examined. The discussion of causes and methods of preventing the corrosion of steel reinforcement covers such aspects as galvanised steel reinforcement, effects of concrete composition, corrosion of steel reinforcments in concrete and prestressed reinforcement. It is concluded that the most significant influences on the corrosion of prestressing wire in concrete are: the presence of chloride; the presence of nitrates; the composition of the concrete; the degree of carbonation of the concrete; concrete compaction and, chlorides and sulphates should be used as far as possible when steel is embedded. (TRRL)

Corrosion of steel by concrete

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a type of cement-based composite for new construction and/or restoration of existing structures to extend service life. UHPC features superior workability, mechanical properties, and durability compared with conventional concrete. However, some challenges limit the wider application of UHPC, such as low workability for large-volume production, high autogenous shrinkage, insufficient flexural/tensile properties, and unpredictable durability after concrete cracking. Therefore, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies for developing UHPC mixtures with improved properties. This review covers the following aspects: (1) the existing design methodologies; (2) the typical ingredients (e.g., binders, aggregates, chemical admixtures, and fibers) for preparation of UHPC and the underlying working principals; (3) the technologies for improving and controlling key properties (e.g., workability, autogenous shrinkage, compressive performance, tensile/flexural properties, and durability); and (4) the representative successful applications. This review is expected to advance the fundamental knowledge of UHPC and promote further research and applications of UHPC.

New development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)

Effect of using mineral admixtures and ceramic wastes as coarse aggregates on properties of ultrahigh-performance concrete

Effects of nano cotton stalk and palm leaf ashes on ultrahigh-performance concrete properties incorporating recycled concrete aggregates

The effect of using nano rice husk ash of different burning degrees on ultra-high-performance concrete properties

This research presents a comparative study of different curing regimes, namely, standard curing (SC), internal curing (IC) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and air curing (AC), used in ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) premixed with different types of nanomaterials. Four types of nano waste materials were prepared, i.e. milled nano-metakaolin (NMK), nano waste glass (NWG) and nano rice husk ash (NRHA) and chemically prepared nano silica (NS). Several UHPC mixes with nanomaterial dosages (1%, 2% and 3%) were investigated. Compressive strength , ultrasonic pulse velocity , sulphate attack and microstructure were analysed. Results indicated the similarity between the performance of SC and IC in NS, NWG and NMK. Moreover, the addition of PEG exerted a negative effect on NRHA. Compressive strength increased by 17%, 24%, 14% and 13% under IC in NWG, NRH, NMK and NS, respectively. By contrast, sorptivity decreased by 84%, 60%, 48% and 60% in NS, NMK, NWG and NRHA under IC.

Mechanical and durability properties of ultra-high performance concrete incorporated with various nano waste materials under different curing conditions

The sustainable utilization of demolition wastes in the production of building materials is regarded as an eco-efficient approach for conserving naturally-occurring resources accompanied by resolving the environmental problems caused by these wastes Accordingly, the motivation behind this work is evaluating the single and combined effect of nano-waste ceramic (NWC) and nano silica (NS) on the performance of Portland cement concrete Portland cement was individually replaced by different contents of NWC (2–10 wt%) and NS (1–4 wt%) Another mixture was designed to evaluate the synergetic impact of NS and NWC mixture (3 and 6 wt%) on the performance of concrete The mechanical (flexural, splitting tensile and compressive strengths) and nondestructive tests (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ‘UPV’) were carried on the control and nano-modified hardened concrete The results showed that the increase of NWC content up to 6 wt% has resulted in a noticeable increment in strengths at all curing ages, followed by a reduction in strengths when NWC content reaches 10 wt% However, the usage of 10% NWC illustrates a slight enhancement in strengths compared to control sample All over the mixtures, the nano-silica modified samples demonstrate a slight enhancement in the mechanical properties compared to NWC The highest mechanical properties accompanied by the shortest transmitted waves were achieved by the hardened samples having the mixture of 3 wt% NS and 6 wt% NWC This means that the sustainable utilization of NWC not only improves the performance of concrete but also resolves the environmental problems caused by this waste

Exploitation of the nanowaste ceramic incorporated with nano silica to improve concrete properties

This investigation aimed to assess the effect of micro-cementitious materials on the mechanical properties and sulphate resistance of modified eco-efficient lightweight concrete (MDLWC). A modified...

Role of expanded clay aggregate, metakaolin and silica fume on the of modified lightweight concrete properties

This research investigates the simultaneous impact of two different types of steel fibers, nanometakaolin, and nanosilica on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC) mixes. To achieve this aim, different geopolymer concrete mixes were prepared. Firstly, with and without nanomaterials (nanosilica and nanometakaolin) of 0, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% from ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were used. Secondly, steel fiber (hooked end and crimped) content of (0, 0.5%, 1, and 1.5%) was used. Thirdly, optimum values of nanomaterials with the optimum values of steel fiber were used. Crimped and hooked-end steel fibers were utilized with an aspect ratio of 60 and a length of 30 mm. Geopolymer mixes were manufactured by using a constant percentage of alkaline activator to binder proportion equal to 0.45 with GGBFS cured at ambient conditions. For alkaline activator, sodium hydroxide molar (NaOH) and sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) were used according to a proportion (Na2SiO3/NaOH) of 2.33. The hardened concrete tests were performed through the usage of splitting tensile strength, flexural, and compressive experiments to determine the impact of steel fibers, nanometakaolin, and nanosilica individually and combined on performance of GPC specimens. The results illustrated that using a mix composed of the optimum steel fibers (1% content) accompanied by an optimum percentage of 6% nanometakaolin or 4% nanosilica demonstrated a significant enhancement in the mechanical properties of GPC specimens compared to all other mixtures. Besides, the impact of using nanomaterials individually was found to be predominant on compressive strength on GPC specimens especially with the usage of the optimum values. However, using nanomaterials individually compared to using the steel fibers individually was found to have approximately the same splitting tensile strength and flexural performance.

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Taher A. Tawfik

Papers

The effect of using nano rice husk ash of different burning degrees on ultra-high-performance concrete properties

Mechanical and durability properties of ultra-high performance concrete incorporated with various nano waste materials under different curing conditions

Exploitation of the nanowaste ceramic incorporated with nano silica to improve concrete properties

Role of expanded clay aggregate, metakaolin and silica fume on the of modified lightweight concrete properties

Developing Geopolymer Concrete Properties by Using Nanomaterials and Steel Fibers