An aluminum electrolytic capacitor having an excellent short-circuit resistance, high capacitance, long life, and low equivalent series resistance (ESR) is provided. For this purpose, the aluminum electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element having a positive electrode foil, a first separator, a negative electrode foil, and a second separator, which are sequentially laminated one on another and wound together. After the capacitor element is impregnated with a driving electrolyte solution and housed in a metallic case, an open end of the metallic case is sealed with a sealing material. A ratio of B/A, i.e. a ratio of total thickness B of the first and second separators after winding with respect to total thickness A of the first and second separators before winding, is set in the range from 0.5 to 0.8.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitor

Quaternary ammonium carbonates having the formula ##STR1## wherein R 1 is a C 1 -C 20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R 2 is a C 8 -C 20 alkyl group have been synthesized. These compounds and compositions further comprising the corresponding quaternary ammonium bicarbonate ##STR2## wherein R 1 is the same or a different C 1 -C 20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R 2 is the same or a different C 8 -C 20 alkyl group and/or the corresponding quaternary ammonium metal carbonate ##STR3## wherein R 1 is the same or a different C 1 -C 20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group; R 2 is the same or a different C 8 -C 20 alkyl group and M is a non-coupler metal, are prepared by reacting two reactants, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C 8 -C 20 alkyl quaternary ammonium chloride and a metal hydroxide, in a solvent comprising a C 1 -C 4 normal alcohol. The amount of metal chloride reactant is that amount sufficient to yield the C 1 -C 20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C 8 -C 20 alkyl quaternary ammonium hydroxide, a metal chloride, and optionally unreacted metal hydroxide. The resultant quaternary ammonium hydroxide and any unreacted metal hydroxide are then reacted with carbon dioxide to yield the quaternary ammonium carbonate and optionally metal carbonate. Also provided is a method for preserving a wood substrate. Accordingly, the substrate is treated with a metal coupler-free wood preservative system comprising a biocidal effective amount of the carbonate quats above, preferably those prepared by the method above, and a solvent.

Quaternary ammonium carbonate compositions and preparation thereof

Wood preservative systems comprising (a) a biocidal effective amount of (i) at least one di C8 -C12 alkyl quaternary ammonium carboxylate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R1 and R2 are a C8 -Cl2 alkyl group; R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted, interrupted or uninterrupted C1 -C100 group; l and q independently are 1, 2 or 3 and (l) (q) is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; (ii) at least one di C8 -C12 alkyl quaternary ammonium borate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above, and a is 2 or 3, but when a is 2, b is 0 or 1, and when a is 3, b is 0, 1, or 2; or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii); and (b) a solvent are provided. These carboxylate quats as well as carboxylate quats wherein R1 is a C1 -C20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R2 is a C8 -C20 alkyl group are preferably prepared by an indirect or a direct synthesis. The indirect synthesis includes reacting a corresponding quaternary ammonium carbonate with a carboxylic acid, while the direct synthesis method includes reacting a corresponding quaternary ammonium chloride with a metal carboxylate salt. The metal-free wood preservative systems can be applied to wood substrates.

Quaternary ammonium carboxylate and borate compositions and preparation thereof

An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor which is high in electrolytic conductivity, excellent in heat stability and high in withstand voltage. An electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor comprising a tetrafluoroaluminate ion; and an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor containing a salt and a solvent, characterized in that electrolytic conductivity X (mS·cm−1) at 25° C. and withstand voltage Y (V) of a capacitor satisfy the relationships of formulae (I): Y≧−7.5X+150, and X≧4, Y>0.

Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor using the same

An electrolyte for aluminum electrolytic capacitors comprises 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and an ammonium salt of a straight chain dicarboxylic acid or a branched chain di- or polycarboxylic acid. Electrolytic capacitors including this composition are useful for high voltage at relatively low temperatures.

Electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor

An electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitors and electrolytic capacitors using the electrolyte are described. The electrolyte comprises at least one quaternary ammonium salt of aliphatic saturated dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms in total or a quaternary ammonium salt of glutaric acid, dissolved in a solvent comprised of an aliphatic polyol. When applied to an electrolytic capacitor, the electrolyte ensures improvements in loss characteristic and high temperature characteristics with time. Thus, the capacitor has a prolonged life.

Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitors and capacitor using the same

An electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors is provided. The electrolyte comprises a specified quaternary ammonium salt of a boric acid complex as a solute. A capacitor in which the electrolyte is used displays stable electrical characteristics at high temperatures as well as high sparking voltage and long life.

Electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors

PURPOSE: To extend the lifetime of a medium and high voltage class electrolyte capacitor and also to enhance its reliability by a method wherein carboxylic acid having a secondary and/or tertiary carboxyl group is used as the solute of an electrolyte. CONSTITUTION: Polycarboxylic acid, having two or more secondary and/or tertiary carboxyl group and the salt having ether linkage but having no ester linkage is used as a solute. As a polycarboxylic acid, there is polycarboxylic acid indicated by the formula O(-A-COOH) 2 R(-O-A-COOH) 2 (in the formula, A shows the residue of carboxylic acid having no ester linkage of secondary or tertiary carboxyl group, R shows an organic residue having no residue, and (n) shows an integer of 2 or higher). As an example of carboxylic acid of the residue of carboxylicacid having a secondary or tertiary carboxyl group indicated by the A shown in the above-mentioned formula, there are aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid, alicyclic oxycarboxylic acid, aromatic oxycarboxylic acid and the like, and as an example of the organic residue containing no ester linkage shown by the R in the above-mentioned formula, there are hydrocarbon group, polyether group and the like. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Electrolyte for driving of electrolytic capacitor

PURPOSE:To obtain an electrolytic capacitor whose loss is low, whose electric characteristic is stable even at a high temperature and whose life is long by a method wherein a quaternary ammonium salt of a compound complex containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group of boric acid is used as a solute. CONSTITUTION:As a salt of one kind or two or more kinds selected from a group composed of tetravalent compounds of boron expressed by Formula I as a quaternary ammonium slat of a compound complex containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group of boric acid is used as a solute. In Formula I, the whole or one part of X is =B-O-R .Q and one part of X may be >B-; Q represents quaternary ammonium; R represents a hydroxyl group, an ether group, a ketone group and/or an alkyl group or an arylalkyl group which may contain an S-containing functional group; (n) represents an integer of 1 or more; R represents 1) a residual group of a compound containing an alcoholic hydroxyl group, 2) a group expressed by -X-O-R or 3) a group expressed by Formula II; (m) is an integer of 1 or more; R' represents a residual group of a compound having two or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups; it is permissible to form a ring together with B after either one or both of R and R as well as R and R have been bonded.

Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor using same

PURPOSE:To contrive the improvement of specific electric conductivity by using cyclobutene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and/or cyclopentene-1, the acid of 2-dicarboxylic acid and/or its salt as a solute CONSTITUTION:Cyclobutene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and/or cyclopentene-1, the acid of 2-dicarboxylic acid and/or its salt are used as solute An ammonium salt, primary amine, quaternary ammonium and these mixtures are mentioned as cyclobutene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and/or cyclopentene-1 and the salt of 2- dicarboxylic acid The mol ratio of cyclobutene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and/or cyclopentene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid and quaternary ammonium is 05-15 normally and 08-12 preferably Further the content of cyclobutane-1,2-carboxylic acid and/or cyclopentene-1, the acid of 2-carboxylic acid and/or its salt is 1-50% normally and 5-30% preferably on the basis of the weight of electrolyte Thereby high specific electric conductivity is shown

Takaaki Kishi

Papers

Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitors and capacitor using the same

Electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors

Electrolyte for driving of electrolytic capacitor

Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor using same

Electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor