Sustainable Development Goals

COVID-19 in Latin America: The implications of the first confirmed case in Brazil.

A deadly feast: Elucidating the burden of orally acquired acute Chagas disease in Latin America - Public health and travel medicine importance

The current syndemic in Venezuela: Measles, malaria and more co-infections coupled with a breakdown of social and healthcare infrastructure. Quo vadis?

During last months, there have been a significant increase in the evidences showing the catastrophic health situation in Venezuela. There are multiple epidemics, increase in emerging and reemerging infectious, tropical and parasitic diseases as consequences of the social, economic and political crises, which would be considered today a clearly anthropogenic disaster. Venezuela is facing in 2019, the worse sanitary conditions, with multiple implications for public health and travel medicine. So far, from a global perspective, this situation will be an impediment for the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG) in 2030. In this multiauthor review, there is a comprehensive analysis of the situation for infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, their impact in the Americas region, given the migration crisis as well as the comparative status of the SDG 2030. This discussion can provide input for prioritizing emerging health problems and establish a future agenda.

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Infectious Diseases, Social, Economic and Political Crises, Anthropogenic Disasters and Beyond: Venezuela 2019 – Implications for Public Health and Travel Medicine

Infant and young child skin diseases are among the most common features of morbidity throughout the tropics. Because the skin is directly exposed to the environment, it is considerably affected by climatic and local conditions such as vectors and microorganisms, as in the case of leishmaniasis. In America the observed magnitude of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children has led to the study of increased risk of exposure of this group due to the possibility of peri- and intradomiciliary transmission. The present review pretends to make a concrete approach all through the broad and main figures of this parasitic disease, including the clinical, physiopathological, epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects, in order to be used as a practical source of reference for pediatricians leading with tropical cutaneous pathology in the region.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood

Objetivos: El objeto es conocer la epidemiologia y etiologia de las Enfermedades Infecciosas Intestinales (EEI)  en los ninos menores de 5 anos hospitalizados y evaluar el impacto de la inclusion de la vacuna antirrotavirus en el programa nacional de inmunizaciones sobre  las hospitalizaciones por EEI. Materiales y metodos: Estudio descriptivo de las hospitalizaciones por EEI (CIE-10; A00-A09) en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas, de referencia nacional, durante 2003-2010. Se evaluo la frecuencia y caracteristicas de los hospitalizados: edad, sexo, diagnostico de egreso, etiologia, dias de hospitalizacion, y motivo del egreso. Analisis estadistico con Excel y SPSS, estadisticas descriptivas con promedios, percentiles y distribuciones de frecuencia. Pruebas del chi cuadrado, T, de la mediana, y regresion lineal simple con limites de confianza del 95% (p≤0,05). Resultados: 419 hospitalizaciones, 42,7% corresponden al sexo femenino y los menores de 1 ano, fueron el 71% del total. 20% tuvo diagnostico etiologico de egreso, predominio de infecciones enterobacterianas, seguido de infecciones por Salmonella o Shiguella e intoxicaciones alimentarias, luego otros protozoarios (Giardia), amebiasis y virales. 80% egreso con diagnostico de presunto origen infeccioso. La mediana de hospitalizacion fue 9 dias, con variaciones importantes segun etiologia. Letalidad del 2,2%. Importante descenso (28,4%) de las hospitalizaciones entre pre y post inclusion de la vacuna antirrotavirus. Conclusiones: El diagnostico etiologico de la EEI hospitalizada es bajo y requiere ser mejorada con vigilancia epidemiologica con dotacion de los hospitales de medios y tecnicas de laboratorio apropiadas. El impacto de la incorporacion de la vacuna antirrotavirus ha logrado descender las hospitalizaciones por diarrea en menores de 5 anos.

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Tamara Rosales

Papers

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood

Infectious Diseases, Social, Economic and Political Crises, Anthropogenic Disasters and Beyond: Venezuela 2019 – Implications for Public Health and Travel Medicine

Hospitalizaciones infantiles por diarreas e impacto de la vacunación nacional con vacuna antirrotavirus. hospital universitario de caracas, venezuela.