Showing papers by "Tamás F. Móri published in 2022"
TL;DR: Conditions for evolutionary stability of sib altruism are derived using population genetic models for three mating systems with linear and non-linear group effect on the siblings’ survival rate, and it is shown that for all considered selection situations, the condition of evolutionary stability is equivalent to Haldane’s arithmetic.
Abstract: The moral rule “Risk your life to save your family members” is, at the same time, a biological phenomenon. The prominent population geneticist, J.B.S. Haldane told his friends that he would risk his life to save two drowning brothers, but not one – so the story goes. In biological terms, Haldane’s arithmetic claims that sib altruism is evolutionarily rational, whenever by “self-sacrifice” an altruistic gene “rescues”, on average, more than one copy of itself in its lineage. Here, we derive conditions for evolutionary stability of sib altruism, using population genetic models for three mating systems (monogamy, promiscuity and polygyny) with linear and non-linear group effect on the siblings’ survival rate. We show that for all considered selection situations, the condition of evolutionary stability is equivalent to Haldane’s arithmetic. The condition for evolutionary stability is formulated in terms of genetic relatedness and the group effect on the survival probability, similarly to the classical Hamilton’s rule. We can set up a “scale of mating systems”, since in pairwise interactions the chance of evolutionary stability of sib altruism decreases in this order: monogamy, polygyny and promiscuity. Practice of marrying and siblings’ solidarity are moral rules in a secular world and in various religious traditions. These moral rules are not evolutionarily independent, in the sense that the subsistence of sib altruism is more likely in a monogamous population. Highlights Haldane’s arithmetic is introduced Conditions for evolutionary stability of sib altruism are given Evolutionary stability is equivalent to Haldane’s arithmetic in the studied model Generalized Hamilton’s rules are formulated
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the state is playing against a pathogen by introducing non-pharmaceutical interventions to fulfil its socio-political goals, such as guaranteeing hospital care to all needed patients, keeping the country functioning, while the applied social restrictions should be as soft as possible.
Abstract: The pandemic reminded us that the pathogen evolution still has a serious effect on human societies. States, however, can prepare themselves for the emergence of a novel pathogen with unknown characteristics by analysing potential scenarios. Game theory offers such an appropriate tool. In our game-theoretical framework, the state is playing against a pathogen by introducing non-pharmaceutical interventions to fulfil its socio-political goals, such as guaranteeing hospital care to all needed patients, keeping the country functioning, while the applied social restrictions should be as soft as possible. With the inclusion of activity and economic sector dependent transmission rate, optimal control of lockdowns and health care capacity management is calculated. We identify the presence and length of a pre-symptomatic infectious stage of the disease to have the greatest effect on the probability to cause a pandemic. Here we show that contrary to intuition, the state should not strive for the great expansion of its health care capacities even if its goal is to provide care for all requiring it and minimize the cost of lockdowns.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors adapt the concept of evolutionary stability to familial selection when a game theoretic conflicts between siblings determines the survival rate of each sibling in monogamous, exogamous families in a diploid, panmictic population.
Abstract: We adapt the concept of evolutionary stability to familial selection when a game theoretic conflicts between siblings determines the survival rate of each sibling in monogamous, exogamous families in a diploid, panmictic population. Similarly to the classical evolutionary game theory, the static condition of evolutionary stability of mixed Nash equilibrium implies the local stability of the genotype dynamics, in spite of that the mating table based genotype dynamics is not a replicator dynamics. We apply our general result to the case where a matrix game determines the survival rate of siblings. In our numerical studies we consider the prisoner’s dilemma between siblings, when the cooperator and defector behaviour are unequally determined by a recessive-dominant allele pair at an autosomal locus. When the prisoner’s dilemma game is strict (cf. iterated one) and the cooperator phenotype is recessive resp. dominant, then the cooperator and defector phenotypes are the unique stable phenotypes, respectively. When the prisoner’s dilemma game is not strict, both phenotypes coexist, independently of the genotype-phenotype mapping. However, the frequencies of the phenotypes are different according to which phenotype is dominant.
TL;DR: In this paper , the average degree is asymptotically equal to a constant times the square root of the number of vertices, and the clustering coefficient is rather small.
Abstract: We analyse a randomly growing graph model in which the average degree is asymptotically equal to a constant times the square root of the number of vertices, and the clustering coefficient is rather small. In every step, we choose two vertices uniformly at random, check whether they are connected or not, and we either add a new edge or delete one and add a new vertex of degree two to the graph. This dependence on the status of the connection chosen vertices makes the total number of vertices random after n steps. We prove asymptotic normality for this quantity and also for the degree of a fixed vertex (with normalization n 1 / 6 ). We also analyse the proportion of vertices with degree greater than a fixed multiple of the average degree, and the maximal degree.
TL;DR: This is the first time that a commensalistic model based on the syntrophy hypothesis is considered in the framework of coevolutionary dynamics and invadability by mutant phenotype into a monomorphic resident system.
Abstract: The origin of eukaryotes and organellogenesis have been recognized as a major evolutionary transition and subject to in-depth studies. Acknowledging the fact that the initial interactions and conditions of cooperative behaviour between free-living single-celled organisms are widely debated, we narrow our scope to a single mechanism that could possibly have set-off multi-species associations. We hypothesize that the very first step in the evolution of such cooperative behaviour could be a single mutation in an ancestral symbiont genome that results in the formation of an ecto-commensalism with its obligate ancestral host. We investigate the ecological and evolutionary stability of inter-species microbial interactions with vertical transmissions as an association based on syntrophy (cross-feeding). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a commensalistic model based on the syntrophy hypothesis is considered in the framework of coevolutionary dynamics and invadability by mutant phenotype into a monomorphic resident system.