Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds. Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in biological systems and underlies the formation of a wide variety of complex biological structures. Understanding self-assembly and the associated noncovalent interactions that connect complementary interacting molecular surfaces in biological aggregates is a central concern in structural biochemistry. Self-assembly is also emerging as a new strategy in chemical synthesis, with the potential of generating nonbiological structures with dimensions of 1 to 10(2) nanometers (with molecular weights of 10(4) to 10(10) daltons). Structures in the upper part of this range of sizes are presently inaccessible through chemical synthesis, and the ability to prepare them would open a route to structures comparable in size (and perhaps complementary in function) to those that can be prepared by microlithography and other techniques of microfabrication.

Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: A chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures

This review is focused on describing state-of-the-art synthetic routes for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles useful for biomedical applications. In addition to this topic, we have also described in some detail some of the possible applications of magnetic nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine with special emphasis on showing the benefits of using nanoparticles. Finally, we have addressed some relevant findings on the importance of having well-defined synthetic routes to produce materials not only with similar physical features but also with similar crystallochemical characteristics.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/202/pdf

The preparation of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine

Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology radically changed the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent various diseases in all aspects of human life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. AgNPs play an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly in nanomedicine. Although several noble metals have been used for various purposes, AgNPs have been focused on potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of AgNPs using physical, chemical, and biological methods. We also discuss the properties of AgNPs and methods for their characterization. More importantly, we extensively discuss the multifunctional bio-applications of AgNPs; for example, as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer agents, and the mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of AgNPs. In addition, we discuss therapeutic approaches and challenges for cancer therapy using AgNPs. Finally, we conclude by discussing the future perspective of AgNPs.

/pdf/silver-nanoparticles-synthesis-characterization-properties-1gs52z8tm7.pdf

Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches

The preparation of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine : Biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles

Recent advances in aerosol generation of materials are reviewed Gas-to-particle and spray processes (spray pyrolysis) for powder generation and various routes for film generation are discussed from the experimental and theoretical perspectives The range of materials generated by these routes has increased in recent years to include fullerenes and ceramic superconductors Many metals and various oxide and nonoxide ceramics have also been added to the list of materials generated by gas-phase routes Established aerosol routes such as vapor condensation have found widespread applications for generation of nanophase materials The formation of quantum dots via aerosol approaches has also been demonstrated The theoretical understanding of gas-to-particle conversion routes has advanced to include the finite rate of particle fusion or sintering occurring after collisions of particles The modeling of spray pyrolysis systems has provided insight into the control of particle morphology and reactor design In th

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02786829308959650

Aerosol Processing of Materials

Solid silver particle production by spray pyrolysis

Spray pyrolysis was used to produce submicron Ag-Pd metal alloy particles for applications in electronic component fabrication. The particles were prepared in nitrogen carrier gas from metal nitrate precursor solutions with various compositions. The Ag-Pd alloy was the predominant phase for reactor temperatures of 700 °C and above for all compositions. The 70-30 Ag-Pd partcles were fully dense at 700 °C, but an increased reaction temperature was necessary to produce dense particles at higher Pd to Ag ratios. The extent of palladium oxidation was suppressed with increased amounts of Ag. Single-crystal particles could be produced at sufficiently high temperatures. These results show that particle phase composition, size, oxidation behavior, and morphology can be controlled by the Ag-Pd ratio in the precursor solution and by the reaction temperature.

Silver-palladium alloy particle production by spray pyrolysis

A method for the manufacture of fully densified, finely divided particles of silver-palladium alloy comprising the sequential steps: A. Forming an unsaturated solution of a mixture of thermally decomposable silver-containing compound and a thermally decomposable palladium-containing compound in a thermally volatilizable solvent; B. Forming an aerosol consisting essentially of finely divided droplets of the solution from step A dispersed in a carrier gas, the droplet concentration which is below the concentration where collisions and subsequent coalescence of the droplets results in a 10% reduction in droplet concentration; C. Heating the aerosol to an operating temperature above the decomposition temperature of both the silver-containing compound and the palladium-containing compound but below the melting point of a silver-palladium alloy by which (1) the solvent is volatilized, (2) the silver-containing compound and the palladium-containing compound are decomposed to form finely divided particles of silver, palladium, silver-palladium alloy, or mixtures thereof, and (3) the particles form an alloy and are densified; and D. Separating the particles of silver-palladium alloy from the carrier gas, reaction by-products and solvent volatilization products.

Tammy Carol Pluym

Papers

Aerosol Processing of Materials

Solid silver particle production by spray pyrolysis

Silver-palladium alloy particle production by spray pyrolysis

Method for making silver-palladium alloy powders by areosol decomposition.

Palladium metal and palladium oxide particle production by spray pyrolysis