State-of-the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems

Equilibrium optimizer‐tuned cascade fractional‐order 3DOF‐PID controller in load frequency control of power system having renewable energy resource integrated

This paper presents a fully optimized fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative with filter (FPIDF) load frequency controller (LFC) for enhancing the performance of a hybrid microgrid system. The Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA), a recent optimization algorithm, is used to optimize the gains as well as the input scaling factors and membership functions of the proposed fuzzy PIDF controller. The controller performance is tested on a two-area hybrid microgrid system containing various renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. The effectiveness of the MPA based FPIDF controller is compared with conventional PIDF and FPIDF controllers based on other heuristic techniques presented in literatures. Moreover, different scenarios are implemented in this study to verify the robustness and sensitivity of the proposed controller to different step load perturbations, system parameters variations, wind speed fluctuation and solar irradiance variation. The dynamic response of the system is compared using different controllers in terms of settling time, maximum overshoot and undershoot values. The results are presented in the form of time domain simulations conducted via MATLAB/SIMULINK.

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Optimal Fuzzy PIDF Load Frequency Controller for Hybrid Microgrid System Using Marine Predator Algorithm

The hybrid power system is a combination of renewable energy power plants and conventional energy power plants. This integration causes power quality issues including poor settling times and higher transient contents. The main issue of such interconnection is the frequency variations caused in the hybrid power system. Load Frequency Controller (LFC) design ensures the reliable and efficient operation of the power system. The main function of LFC is to maintain the system frequency within safe limits, hence keeping power at a specific range. An LFC should be supported with modern and intelligent control structures for providing the adequate power to the system. This paper presents a comprehensive review of several LFC structures in a diverse configuration of a power system. First of all, an overview of a renewable energy-based power system is provided with a need for the development of LFC. The basic operation was studied in single-area, multi-area and multi-stage power system configurations. Types of controllers developed on different techniques studied with an overview of different control techniques were utilized. The comparative analysis of various controllers and strategies was performed graphically. The future scope of work provided lists the potential areas for conducting further research. Finally, the paper concludes by emphasizing the need for better LFC design in complex power system environments.

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Load Frequency Control (LFC) Strategies in Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid Power Systems: A Review

The operation and control of the modern power system has become complex and difficult due to the incessant penetration of nonconventional energy sources integrated to the power grid and the structu...

A novel application of ALO-based fractional order fuzzy PID controller for AGC of power system with diverse sources of generation:

Frequency control analysis with PID‐fuzzy‐PID hybrid controller tuned by modified GWO technique

In this research paper a novel cascaded PD-Fuzzy-PID controller is recommended for a conventional hybrid-source unified power system for automatic generation control. The optimization of scaling pa...

Optimal design of PD-Fuzzy-PID cascaded controller for automatic generation control

This research paper describes the automatic generation control of a three thermal interconnected system where each area is provided with a reheat thermal unit. The dynamic stability of this multi-area system is regulated by PD-PID cascaded controller optimized by grey wolf optimization algorithm. Each area is provided by proper generation rate constraints (GRC) in order to consider system nonlinearities. The controller parameters of the proposed controller are simultaneously optimized by considering integral time absolute error (ITAE) as an objective function with a step load perturbation (SLP) of 0.01 p.u. in area 1. The dynamic behavior of the system is compared with a recently published results in terms of settling time, peak overshoots and undershoots which proves the superior behavior of the proposed controller. Further in order to reflect the sensitivity and robustness of the proposed control method the system behavior is also shown by increasing the system loading.

Novel PD-PID cascaded controller for automatic generation control of a multi-area interconnected power system optimized by grey wolf optimization (GWO)

A newly adopted optimization technique known as sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) is suggested in this research article to tune the gains of Fuzzy-PID controller along with a derivative filter (Fuzzy-PIDF) of a hybrid interconnected system for the Load Frequency Control (LFC). The scrutinized multi-generation system considers hydro, gas and thermal sources in all areas of the dual area power system integrated with UPFC (unified power flow controller) and SMES (Super-conducting magnetic energy storage) units. The preeminence of the offered Fuzzy-PIDF controller is recognized over Fuzzy-PID controller by comparing their dynamic performance indices concerning minimum undershoot, settling time and also peak overshoot. Finally, the sensitiveness and sturdiness of the recommended control method are proved by altering the parameters of the system from their nominal values and by the implementation of random loading in the system.

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Optimal fuzzy-PID controller with derivative filter for load frequency control including UPFC and SMES

In this paper, the power quality (PQ) profile like harmonics and voltage sag is improved in the power system by integrating a solar PV-based unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). The control technique of the UPQC is designed by using a basic a synchronous reference frame technique for reference current generation, hysteresis current controller technique for switching pulse generation and conventional proportional- and integral- (PI)based DC-link voltage controller. The foremost objective of the proposed research is to control the DC-link voltage of the UPQC which is achieved by integrating a solar PV-based renewable energy source across its DC-link capacitor. The analysis is carried using MATLAB simulated results. To verify the outcomes, the proposed UPQC results are also compared with conventional PI controller.

Tarakanta Jena

Papers

Frequency control analysis with PID‐fuzzy‐PID hybrid controller tuned by modified GWO technique

Optimal design of PD-Fuzzy-PID cascaded controller for automatic generation control

Novel PD-PID cascaded controller for automatic generation control of a multi-area interconnected power system optimized by grey wolf optimization (GWO)

Optimal fuzzy-PID controller with derivative filter for load frequency control including UPFC and SMES

Performance Analysis of Solar PV-Based Unified Power Quality Conditioner System for Power Quality Improvement Under Nonlinear Load Condition