자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

The culture of education

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

The current evidence suggests that many diet and exercise interventions to prevent obesity in children are not effective in preventing weight gain, but can be effective in promoting a healthy diet and increased physical activity levels.Being very overweight (obese) can cause health, psychological and social problems for children. Children who are obese are more likely to have weight and health problems as adults. Programmes designed to prevent obesity focus on modifying one or more of the factors considered to promote obesity.This review included 22 studies that tested a variety of intervention programmes, which involved increased physical activity and dietary changes, singly or in combination. Participants were under 18 and living in Asia, South America, Europe or North America. There is not enough evidence from trials to prove that any one particular programme can prevent obesity in children, although comprehensive strategies to address dietary and physical activity change, together with psycho-social support and environmental change may help. There was a trend for newer interventions to involve their respective communities and to include evaluations.Future research might usefully assess changes made on behalf of entire populations, such as improvements in the types of foods available at schools and in the availability of safe places to run and play, and should assess health effects and costs over several years.The programmes in this review used different strategies to prevent obesity so direct comparisons were difficult. Also, the duration of the studies ranged from 12 weeks to three years, but most lasted less than a year.

/pdf/interventions-for-preventing-obesity-in-children-4arhbcud58.pdf

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

(1991). Applied Linear Regression Models. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 76-77.

Applied Linear Regression Models

The national Finnish Schools on the Move programme support schools with their individual plans to promote school-based physical activity (PA). We examined the changes in adolescents’ recess and overall PA in four lower secondary schools and described the school actions to promote students’ PA and the local contact persons’ perceptions of the effects. Recess and overall PA were assessed four times by anonymous questionnaires from students in grades 7–9 (n ¼ 789) in 2010–12, and local contact persons (n ¼ 7) provided information on school actions with diaries, interviews and surveys. Student data were analysed with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, and school actions data were analysed with quantitative content analysis. The proportion of students who participated in physical activities at recess at least sometimes increased from 30% to 49% in physically active play and from 33% to 42% in ball games, mostly due to improvements in males’ participation. Females’ participation in recess activities increased in two schools with gender-specific physical activities or facilities. Overall PA levels declined slightly. Organized recess activities, student recess activators and equipment provision and sports facilities development were considered to have affected students’ PA positively. Solutions for getting females more physically active in the school setting are needed.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Henna_Haapala/publication/262929965_Adolescents%27_physical_activity_at_recess_and_actions_to_promote_a_physically_active_school_day_in_four_Finnish_schools/links/5457dc870cf2bccc4911185a.pdf

Adolescents’ physical activity at recess and actions to promote a physically active school day in four Finnish schools

Background: Depressed mood may either precede mobility limitation or follow from mobility limitation. Objective: To compare mood status among people with manifest

Underlying Factors in the Association between Depressed Mood and Mobility Limitation in Older People

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to describe the underlying theory and the implementation of a 2-year individualized physical activity counseling intervention and to evaluate whether benefits persisted 1.5 years after the intervention. The sample included 632 sedentary 75- to 81-year-old participants. Data were collected in 2003 –2005. The participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. The intervention consisted of an individualized face-to-face meeting followed by telephone contacts every 4 months for 2 years, with the aim to increase participation in specific physical activities as well as to increase habitual physical activity. At the 2-year follow-up, the prevalence of physical activities in the intervention group vs. control group was as follows: supervised calisthenics training 20 vs. 16%, walking for fitness 69 vs. 62%, weight training 13 vs. 8% and water aerobics 19 vs. 7%. For water aerobics and walking for fitness, the treatment effect was significant [water aerobics odds ratio (OR) 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16 –5.36, walking for fitness OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05– 2.40]. As to the other activities, the effect did not reach statistical significance. At the 1.5-year post-intervention, the follow-up results indicated that the intervention effect was still evident. The subgroup analyses suggested that physical activity counseling may be most efficacious among people with intact mobility, while those having manifest mobility limitations may not benefit from it. Older people who have manifest mobility limitations may need more face-to-face counseling.

/pdf/effect-of-physical-activity-counseling-on-physical-activity-1cbisj664t.pdf

Effect of physical activity counseling on physical activity of older people in Finland (ISRCTN 07330512)

Changes in self-perceptions of fitness, appearance, and self-esteem among adolescents were assessed in a 4-year follow-up study. Both the changes in the mean levels across time (profile analysis), ...

Taru Lintunen

Papers

Adolescents’ physical activity at recess and actions to promote a physically active school day in four Finnish schools

Underlying Factors in the Association between Depressed Mood and Mobility Limitation in Older People

Effect of physical activity counseling on physical activity of older people in Finland (ISRCTN 07330512)

Change, Reliability, and Stability in Self-perceptions in Early Adolescence: A Four-year Follow-up Study

Self-perceptions, fitness, and exercise in early adolescence: A four-year follow-up study