National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 魅せられる"生物学の面白さ"

The environment and male reproduction: The effect of cadmium exposure on reproductive function and its implication in fertility.

The main aim of this study was to determine antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of monofloral bee pollen samples to pathogenic bacteria. These samples were collected in different localities in Slovakia. The antioxidant properties of examined plant species were different and decreasing in the following order: Brassica napus subsp. napus L > Papaver somniferum L. > Helianthus annuus L. The antimicrobial effect of the bee product samples were tested by using the agar well diffusion method. The methanol (99.9% and 70%) and the ethanol (96% and 70%) were used for extraction. In this study, five different strains of bacteria were tested: Listeria monocytogenes CCM 4699; Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCM 1960; Staphylococcus aureus CCM 3953; Salmonella enterica CCM 4420; and Escherichia coli CCM 3988. The most sensitive bacteria of the poppy pollen ethanolic extract was Staphylococcus aureus was (70%) The most sensitive bacteria of rape bee pollen methanolic extract (70%) and sunflower ethanolic extract (70%) was Salmonella enterica.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of monofloral bee pollen

Recently, we reported that Rhus coriaria exhibits anticancer activities by promoting cell cycle arrest and autophagic cell death of the metastatic triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of Rhus coriaria on the migration, invasion, metastasis and tumor growth of TNBC cells. Our current study revealed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of Rhus coriaria significantly inhibited migration and invasion, blocked adhesion to fibronectin and downregulated MMP-9 and prostaglandin E2 (PgE2). Not only did Rhus coriaria decrease their adhesion to HUVECs and to lung microvascular endothelial (HMVEC-L) cells, but it also inhibited the transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells through TNF-α-activated HUVECs. Furthermore, we found that Rhus coriaria inhibited angiogenesis, reduced VEGF production in both MDA-MB-231 and HUVECs and downregulated the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. The underlying mechanism for Rhus coriaria effects appears to be through inhibiting NFκB, STAT3 and nitric oxide (NO) pathways. Most importantly, by using chick embryo tumor growth assay, we showed that Rhus coriaria suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The results described in the present study identify Rhus coriaria as a promising chemopreventive and therapeutic candidate that modulate triple negative breast cancer growth and metastasis.

Rhus coriaria suppresses angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor growth of breast cancer through inhibition of STAT3, NFκB and nitric oxide pathways.

Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac), belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, is an important species and is the most used species of the genus Rhus in the Mediterranean region since antiquity. Sumac has long been used as a flavoring spice, drink, appetizer, and as acidulant in food recipes, in addition to its use in traditional medicine. The role of the plant in leather and textile industry is also significant. R. coriaria is very rich in phenolics mainly and tannins as well as flavonoids; let alone its abundance with organic acids. The leaves and fruits of R. coriaria are recognized to have defensive and beneficial effects on a wide set of diseases, including, but not limited to, diabetes mellitus, cancer, stroke, oral-diseases, inflammation, diarrhea, and dysentery. On the other hand, Sumac extracts were found to possess a potential antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. This review updates the current phytochemical, biological and therapeutic knowledge that so far exists on R. coriaria. It also aims at highlighting the importance of Sumac extracts as a promising and potential source of functional ingredients and nutraceuticals with desirable bioactivities, prompting the further use of Sumac in food preservation, pharmacology and functional food industries.

http://platform.almanhal.com/Files/?ID=T2-56294-MLA0017487.pdf

Phytochemistry , Pharmacological Properties and Industrial Applications of Rhus Coriaria L. ( Sumac )

Summary
The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Rhus coriaria L. inclusion to the diet on some biochemical, haematological parameters and the level of antioxidant status of male rabbits. Adult rabbits were divided into five groups: one control (C) and four experimental groups. Experimental animals received sumac per os in feed in various doses (0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.50%) for 90 days. Significant increase in PDWc (platelet distribution width) in E3 group when compared with control group was recorded. Sumac administration resulted in decreased cholesterol levels in all experimental groups vs. control group. Significantly lower level of cholesterol was found in E4 group with highest dose of sumac (1.50%). Higher values of total antioxidant status (TAS) and albumins were observed in all experimental groups in comparison with control group. A significant increase in TAS was detected in group E1 and E4. Concentrations of albumins were significantly higher in groups E3 and E4 vs. control group. Sumac administration had no significant effect on bilirubin content. In conclusion, these results show a positive effect of sumac consumption on antioxidant status and cholesterol level in adult male rabbits.

Effects of dietary inclusion of Rhus coriaria on internal milieu of rabbits.

In this study the effect of cadmium on various parameters of spermatozoa motility, morphology as well as on the spermatozoa membrane integrity in rabbits was analyzed in vitro, experimental concentrations ranging from 0.62 to 0.98 micro g CdCl(2)/mL. Pooled rabbit (n = 5) semen was cultured in vitro with cadmium and subsequently diluted to various experimental concentrations apart from control which received no cadmium exposure. Using computer assisted semen analysis method (CASA) we detected decrease of total motility with in the higher concentration range at Time 0. However, with increasing time (after 1 and 2 h of culture), cadmium exerted deleterious effect leading to significant motility reduction in comparison to control. A similar trend was exhibited in case of progressive motility, too. Most of the spermatozoa distance and velocity parameters detected no significant change in comparison to control at the beginning of culture (Time 0), although the toxic effect became significant (P < 0.05) with the passage of culture time (Times 1 and 2 h) in all concentrations. Analysis of spermatozoa morphology detected significant (P < 0.05) alterations at higher concentrations. At higher concentrations acrosomal changes, head without flagellum/separated flagellum, broken flagellum and other abnormalities were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while knob-twisted flagellum and small heads differed significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison to control at all concentrations. In regards to flagellum torso, flagellum ball and retention of cytoplasmic drop statistically higher values (P < 0.05) were noted at the maxium experimental concentration only. Annexin analysis for detection of spermatozoa with disordered membranes revealed higher occurrence of positive spermatozoa in cadmium exposed groups. Annexin-positive reactions suggested alterations in anterior part of head (acrosome) and in flagellum (mitochondrial segment) of spermatozoa. This paper underlines that cadmium is highly toxic for rabbit spermatozoa, as visualized by the toxic effects on parameters of spermatozoa motility, morphology and membrane integrity. The toxic effect is more drastic at higher concentrations. This study also indicates that cadmium requires a minimum one hour incubation time to exert its deletorious effects on various parameters of spermatozoa, particularly at low concentrations.

Cadmium toxicity at low concentration on rabbit spermatozoa motility, morphology and membrane integrity in vitro

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element and it plays an important role in cell functions. The mechanism of the action of molybdenum in connection with growth factor IGF–I, proliferation-related peptide cyclin B1 and apoptosis-related peptide caspase-3 has not been examined previously in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. The general objective of this in vitro study was to examine the secretory activity of porcine ovarian granulosa cells after experimental Mo administration and to outline the potential intracellular mediators of its effects. Ovarian granulosa cells were incubated with ammonium molybdate for 18 hours: 1.0 mg/mL; 0.5 mg/mL; 0.33 mg/mL; 0.17 mg/mL and 0.09 mg/mL, while the control group received no Mo. The secretion of IGF-I was assessed by RIA and expression of cyclin B1 and caspase-3 by immunocytochemistry. IGF–I release was decreased by Mo addition at the doses 1.0 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL. The expression of cyclin B1 was stimulated by Mo addition at all doses ranging from 1.0 – 0.09 mg/mL....

In vitro assessment of molybdenum-induced secretory activity, proliferation and apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells

The aim of our study was the determination of blood parameters and changes in milk composition of dairy cows in relation to metabolic disorders and their evaluation. Thirty dairy cows from selected agricultural farm were divided into three groups as follow: group BL: 3-4 weeks after calving (the beginning of lactation), group ML: 3-4 months after calving (the middle of lactation), group DP: 2-3 weeks before calving (the dry period). Concentrations of selected parameters of energy profile (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides); nitrogenous profile (urea, total proteins); hepatic profile (aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin) in blood serum were measured. Content of fat, proteins and lactose, Non Fat Solids, urea, freezing point, Somatic Cell Count, Fat/Protein ratio in milk were evaluated. Cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in ML (5.33±1.17 mmol.l-1; p 0.05). Fat/Protein ratio was lower than 1.1, in BL and ML, which cause rumen acidosis. The present observation confirmed that specific changes of milk composition lead to metabolic disorders.

https://www.potravinarstvo.com/journal1/index.php/potravinarstvo/article/download/113/pdf

Changes in milk composition as a result of metabolic disorders of dairy cows

Concentrations of biochemical parameters (cholesterol/CH, total proteins/TP, total lipids/TL, alanine aminotransferase/ALT, aspartate aminotransferase/AST) and their correlations in blood serum of gilts were analysed. Animals were divided into two groups: sexually immature (n=26) and animals which reached sexual maturity at the same age (n=9). Parameters were measured using semi-automated clinical chemistry analyzer Microlab 300. The increase in total lipids, total proteins, AST and ALT was noted in the group of sexually immature gilts in comparison with the sexually mature animals. Lower level of cholesterol in immature gilts in contrast to mature animals was observed. Moderately positive correlation was observed between AST and ALT. Highly significant negative correlation was noted between CH and TL and also a moderately negative correlation between TP and CH in the group of sexually mature gilts was found. Moderately positive correlations between AST and ALT, ALT and TP, ALT and CH, AST and CH, and between TP and TL were observed, moderate correlations were recorded between ALT and AST and again between TP and CH in the group of sexually immature gilts.

Terezia Filipejova

Papers

Effects of dietary inclusion of Rhus coriaria on internal milieu of rabbits.

Cadmium toxicity at low concentration on rabbit spermatozoa motility, morphology and membrane integrity in vitro

In vitro assessment of molybdenum-induced secretory activity, proliferation and apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells

Changes in milk composition as a result of metabolic disorders of dairy cows

Monitoring of Some Metabolic Parameters and Their Correlations in Porcine Blood Plasma