Roger Sheldon (1942) received a PhD in organic chemistry from the University of Leicester (UK) in 1967. This was followed by post-doctoral studies with Prof. Jay Kochi in the U.S. From 1969 to 1980 he was with Shell Research in Amsterdam and from 1980 to 1990 he was R&D Director of DSM Andeno. In 1991 he moved to his present position as Professor of organic chemistry and catalysis at the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands). His primary research interests are in the application of catalytic methodologies—homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic—in organic synthesis, particularly in relation to fine chemicals production. He developed the concepts of E factors and atom utilization for assessing the environmental impact of chemical processes.

Biocatalysis in ionic liquids

A sensor designed to determine the amount and concentration of analyte in a sample having a volume of less than about 1 μL. The sensor has a working electrode coated with a non-leachable redox mediator. The redox mediator acts as an electron transfer agent between the analyte and the electrode. In addition, a second electron transfer agent, such as an enzyme, can be added to facilitate the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the analyte. The redox mediator is typically a redox compound bound to a polymer. The preferred redox mediators are air-oxidizable. The amount of analyte can be determined by coulometry. One particular coulometric technique includes the measurement of the current between the working electrode and a counter or reference electrode at two or more times. The charge passed by this current to or from the analyte is correlated with the amount of analyte in the sample. Other electrochemical detection methods, such as amperometric, voltammetric, and potentiometric techniques, can also be used. The invention can be used to determine the concentration of a biomolecule, such as glucose or lactate, in a biological fluid, such as blood or serum. An enzyme capable of catalyzing the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the biomolecule is provided as a second electron transfer agent.

Small volume in vitro analyte sensor

A high throughput Nile red method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae

Biocatalytic transformations in ionic liquids.

Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods for the determination of solvent properties of room temperature ionic liquids

Nile Red as a solvatochromic dye for measuring solvent strength in normal liquids and mixtures of normal liquids with supercritical and near critical fluids

Separation of polar solutes by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography

Putting Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography into Perspective Practical Aspects of SFC Hardware Physical Chemistry of Mobile Phases Used in Packed Column SFC Physical Chemistry of the Stationary Phase The Effect of Instrumental Parameters on Retention, Selectivity, and Efficiency Concepts That Simplify Phase Selection Systematic Method Development Pharmaceutical Analysis by Packed Column SFC Chiral Analysis of Drugs Separation of Agricultural Chemicals by Packed Column SFC SFC and the Petroleum Industry Miscellaneous Applications of Packed Column SFC Subject Index.

Packed Column SFC

Up to 250 000 plates and 298 plates/s were simultaneously observed in nonprogrammed packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. Up to 400 000 or even 667 000 plates appear possible. In programmed runs, substantially higher apparent efficiencies were observed. These results were obtained in spite of repeated assertions in the literature that efficiency in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography has a practical upper limit of 20 000 theoretical plates. The simultaneous high efficiency and high speed appear to substantlally exceed all previous reports using packed columns and dense fluids

Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography with 220 000 plates

The density of mixtures of carbon dioxide with 0-11.5 mol % methanol was measured at 40{degree}C, between 80 and 200 bar. Chromatograms were run at constant density but varying composition and at constant composition but varying density. For the systems studied, changing fluid composition provides wide adjustment of solute retention than density changes. Plots of log k{prime} vs percent modifier, at constant density, were nonlinear. However, plots of log k{prime} vs mobile phase solvent strength, as measured using the solvatochromic dye Nile Red, produced a linear relationship. The change in retention vs the pore volume (proportional to surface area) was also measured.

Terry A. Berger

Papers

Nile Red as a solvatochromic dye for measuring solvent strength in normal liquids and mixtures of normal liquids with supercritical and near critical fluids

Separation of polar solutes by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography

Packed Column SFC

Packed column supercritical fluid chromatography with 220 000 plates

Composition and density effects using methanol/carbon dioxide in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography