Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

The human influence on seabird nesting success: Conservation implications

Paleozoological data reveal past conditions created by anthropogenic and natural processes. These conditions can serve as benchmarks of ecological properties and processes desired by conservation biologists. Paleozoological data provide empirical evidence analogous to experimental results of anthropogenic and environmental causes. They can be used to determine whether a taxon is native or exotic to an area, distinguish invasive from recolonizing taxa, choose a management action likely to produce a desired result, test benchmarks based on historic data, reveal unanticipated effects of conservation efforts, and identify causes of ecological conditions. It is time to use paleoecological knowledge in the service of modern conservation biology.

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Paleozoology in the service of conservation biology

Environmental status of the Gulf of California: A pollution review

http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org XXXX XXXX / Vol. XX No. X • BioScience 1 BioScience XX: 1–11. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1093/biosci/biw026 Advance Access publication XXXX XX, XXXX The Importance of Indigenous Knowledge in Curbing the Loss of Language and Biodiversity

The Importance of Indigenous Knowledge in Curbing the Loss of Language and Biodiversity

Urgent threats to the Gulf of California ecosystem from modern human activity obscure the fact that humans have interacted with native plants and animals for millennia. Archaeological and historical evidence suggests that indigenous peoples occupied both sides of the Gulf some 13 000 calendar years ago and that they eventually inhabited six major islands and visited most smaller ones. Biologists have increasingly realized that these peoples probably played a role in shaping island biotic communities extant today. How much of a role is unknown, but the best places to find evidence may be archaeological sites, which often contain remains of plants and animals directly used by prehistoric peoples. The opportunity to investigate the interaction between early humans and island biota may be lost because modern island visitors endanger sites. Many people, whether boaters, ecotourists, government officials, scientists or artefact collectors, enjoy picking up artefacts. Small surface sites, with exposed remains, can be completely denuded in minutes. Visitors to small islands can obliterate entire archaeological records, thereby creating the illusion of pristine islands. This problem is bound to worsen as Mexico implements Escalera Nautica, a chain of marinas specifically intended to multiply manyfold the boating population. The Mexican government's management plan for Gulf islands, published in 2000, recognizes only a general need to manage cultural resources. Specific mechanisms for protecting sites should be developed. These should educate visitors about the importance of the archaeological record and the destructiveness of collecting. They should also provide adequate enforcement of Mexico's existing antiquities laws. Conserving the archaeological resources may be the best way of preserving biological data essential to island biogeographers and ecologists.

Archaeology, biology and conservation on islands in the Gulf of California

When Julian Hayden advocated great antiquity of humans in the New World, the careful reasoning behind his conclusions was often not obvious from his characteristically brief statement of the evidence. A brief notice in American Antiquity provides a case in point.

Julian Hayden and the Adair Bay Shell Site

Isla Rasa in the Gulf of California has been recognized as an important seabird breeding island for more than 150 y. Yet during most of this period, the island suffered human disturbances that severely reduced seabird nesting success. Today, nearly two decades after disturbances ended, Isla Rasa supports about 90% of the global populations of Heermann's gulls (Larus heermanni) and elegant terns (Thalasseus elegans), plus smaller populations of other species. However, the recently available 1856 journals of Italian naturalist Federico Craveri, and the oral traditions of the Comcaac (Seri people), suggest that the array of nesting species has changed. Apparently, California brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) abandoned Isla Rasa as a breeding site at the onset of disturbances, and terns first colonized it around 1920.

https://bioone.org/journals/the-southwestern-naturalist/volume-60/issue-1/MCG-10.1/Federico-Craveri-and-changes-in-nesting-seabirds-on-Isla-Rasa/10.1894/MCG-10.1.pdf

Federico Craveri and changes in nesting seabirds on Isla Rasa, Gulf of California, since 1856

It has long been recognized that Seri basketry shares many of the characteristics of Papago basketry. However, it has been suggested that the Seri basketry tradition may have originated in southern California, primarily because Seri baskets, like those of most southern California tribes, are coiled in a clockwise direction. This paper compares traditional Seri basket technology with that of several nearby areas and considers the question of historic ties with the basketry traditions of those areas.

Seri Basketry: A Comparative View

An archaeological survey of the Guaymas, Sonora vicinity revealed 27 aboriginal habitation sites representing at least three occupation patterns. The sites yielded surface remains of masonry structures, pottery, ground stone, and chipped stone. A Gypsum Cave point and a possible Borax Lake point were collected. This is substantially farther south than either point type has previously been reported. The sites and artifacts indicate a long continuous occupation of the area by peoples not in the mainstream of Meso-American and Southwestern influence.

Thomas Bowen

Papers

Archaeology, biology and conservation on islands in the Gulf of California

Julian Hayden and the Adair Bay Shell Site

Federico Craveri and changes in nesting seabirds on Isla Rasa, Gulf of California, since 1856

Seri Basketry: A Comparative View

A Survey of Archaeological Sites Near Guaymas, Sonora