http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/201/4359/899.2.full.pdf

Phenomenology of perception.

Thank you very much for reading cognition in the wild. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this cognition in the wild, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. cognition in the wild is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cognition in the wild is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Cognition In The Wild

Much research in the last two decades has demonstrated that human responses deviate from the performance deemed normative according to various models of decision making and rational judgment (e.g., the basic axioms of utility theory). This gap between the normative and the descriptive can be interpreted as indicating systematic irrationalities in human cognition. However, four alternative interpretations preserve the assumption that human behavior and cognition is largely rational. These posit that the gap is due to (1) performance errors, (2) computational limitations, (3) the wrong norm being applied by the experimenter, and (4) a different construal of the task by the subject. In the debates about the viability of these alternative explanations, attention has been focused too narrowly on the model response. In a series of experiments involving most of the classic tasks in the heuristics and biases literature, we have examined the implications of individual differences in performance for each of the four explanations of the normative/descriptive gap. Performance errors are a minor factor in the gap; computational limitations underlie non-normative responding on several tasks, particularly those that involve some type of cognitive decontextualization. Unexpected patterns of covariance can suggest when the wrong norm is being applied to a task or when an alternative construal of the task should be considered appropriate.

Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?-Open Peer Commentary-Differences, games, and pluralism

Chapter Four in Geraldine Cotter's 'Transforming Tradition: Irish traditional music in Ennis Co. Clare 1950-1980.'

Practice as learning

Anyone who watches the television news has seen images of firefighters rescuing people from burning buildings and paramedics treating bombing victims. How do these individuals make the split-second decisions that save lives? Most studies of decision making, based on artificial tasks assigned in laboratory settings, view people as biased and unskilled. Gary Klein is one of the developers of the naturalistic decision-making approach, which views people as inherently skilled and experienced. Since 1985, Klein has conducted fieldwork to find out how people tackle challenges in difficult, nonroutine situations. Sources of Power is based on observations of humans acting under such real-life constraints as time pressure, high stakes, personal responsibility, and shifting conditions. In addition to providing information that can be used by professionals in management, psychology, engineering, and other fields, the book presents an overview of the research approach of naturalistic decision making and expands our knowledge of the strengths people bring to difficult tasks.

Sources of Power: How People Make Decisions

Objectives:Practice evaluation strategies range in style from the formal-analytic tools of single-subject designs, rapid assessment instruments, algorithmic steps in evidence-based practice, and co...

Practice Evaluation Strategies Among Clinical Social Workers: New Directions in Practice Research

Practice evaluation strategies range in style from the formal-analytic tools of single-subject designs, rapid assessment instruments, algorithmic steps in evidence-informed practice, and computer software applications, to the informal-interactive tools of clinical supervision, consultation with colleagues, use of client feedback, and clinical experience. The purpose of this article is to provide practice researchers in social work with an evidence-informed theory that is capable of explaining both how and why social workers use practice evaluation strategies to self-monitor the effectiveness of their interventions in terms of client change. The author delineates the theoretical contours and consequences of what is called dual-process theory. Drawing on evidence-informed advances in the cognitive and social neurosciences, the author identifies among everyday social workers a theoretically stable, informal-interactive tool preference that is a cognitively necessary, sufficient, and stand-alone preference that requires neither the supplementation nor balance of formal-analytic tools. The author's delineation of dual-process theory represents a theoretical contribution in the century-old attempt to understand how and why social workers evaluate their practice the way they do.

Practice Evaluation Strategies Among Social Workers: Why an Evidence-Informed Dual-Process Theory Still Matters

Substance abuse researchers have recommended that substance abuse counselors and helping professionals use a non-confrontational counseling approach when addressing client denial. Yet little is known about substance abuse counselor beliefs about the use of confrontation. The purpose of this study was to use the Theory of Reasoned Action to qualitatively capture, quantitatively evaluate, and theoretically interpret beliefs about confrontation among 124 substance abuse counselors in residential and outpatient treatment facilities. Counselor beliefs accounted for nearly one-third of the variance in counselor intention to use a confrontational counseling approach. Counselors who engaged in professional development activities held more favorable beliefs toward a non-confrontational counseling approach than counselors who had not engaged in such activities. Based on the findings in this study, counselor beliefs hold promise as critical components in developing an empirical and theoretical understanding...

Beliefs About Confrontation Among Substance Abuse Counselors

Objectives: Because behavioral problems often emerge from maladaptive coping methods, we investigated whether unmet basic psychological needs evolve toward a level of psychological vulnerability that puts older adults who gamble at risk for becoming problem gamblers. Methods: Data from a community sample of 379 adults ages 60 and above were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Participants responded to items regarding their demographics, gambling frequency, engagement in at-risk gambling behaviors, and the extent to which their basic psychological needs were met. Results: Satisfaction of basic psychological needs among older adults who gamble was negatively associated with their being at risk for developing a gambling problem. Satisfaction of basic psychological needs also mediated the negative effect of socioeconomic status on at-risk gambling behavior. Conclusion: Social workers should become mindful of how older adults, who are confronting psychological vulnerabilities in later life, mi...

Psychological Vulnerability and Gambling in Later Life.

Practice evaluation strategies range in style from the formal-analytic tools of single-subject designs, software applications such as Singwin, rapid assessment instruments, case notes, and evidence-based practice algorithms, to the everyday informal-interactive tools of clinical supervision, consultation with colleagues, use of client statements, and experience. Studies have suggested that social work students, who are still in training and under clinical supervision, prefer and use most often informal-interactive tools to evaluate practice effectiveness. Despite three decades of promulgating formal-analytic tools in social work education, researchers have yet to develop a theoretical framework to help clinical supervisors interpret the informal-interactive tool preference among social work students. Drawing on advances in the cognitive sciences, the purpose of this study is to use a dual-process theory to interpret the informal-interactive tool preference among 87 second-year MSW students.

Thomas D. Davis

Papers

Practice Evaluation Strategies Among Clinical Social Workers: New Directions in Practice Research

Practice Evaluation Strategies Among Social Workers: Why an Evidence-Informed Dual-Process Theory Still Matters

Beliefs About Confrontation Among Substance Abuse Counselors

Psychological Vulnerability and Gambling in Later Life.

Why Do MSW Students Evaluate Practice the Way They Do