Assessing access to care for transgender and gender nonconforming people: a consideration of diversity in combating discrimination.

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) peer referral has been proven to be an effective recruitment method for hard-to-reach populations; however, its application in diverse populations is limited. Recruitment occurred in two phases: RDS-only followed by development and implementation of an online social network strategy in combination with RDS peer referral (RDS + SNS). Compared to RDS-only, RDS + SNS reached a sample that was younger (χ(2) = 9.19, P = .03), more likely to identify with a non-binary gender identity (χ(2) = 10.4247, P = .03), with less housing instability (50.5 vs. 68.6 %, χ(2) = 9.0038, P = .002) and less sex work (19.7 vs. 31.4 %, χ(2) = 5.0798, P = .02). Additionally, we describe lessons learned as a result of implementing our online social network strategy. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating Internet-driven strategies to meet challenges in sample diversity and recruitment of young transwomen.

/pdf/a-web-2-0-and-epidemiology-mash-up-using-respondent-driven-2nro4u1qcp.pdf

A Web 2.0 and Epidemiology Mash-Up: Using Respondent-Driven Sampling in Combination with Social Network Site Recruitment to Reach Young Transwomen.

Who Counts as “Transgender”?Epidemiological Methods and a Critical Intervention

Sex with more than one gender is associated with higher substance use and sexual HIV risk. The authors examined knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy to engage in safer substance use and sexual behavior among methamphetamine-using U.S. men who have sex with more than one gender (N = 343). Almost half (46.2%) of the men reported having sex with a man (MSM) and a woman or transgender partner in the last 30 days. Compared to monosexual MSM, nonmonosexual MSM reported greater condom use self-efficacy however, they reported more sexual partners who inject drugs. The authors observed distinct differences between men who do or do not have sex with more than one gender.

/pdf/nonmonosexual-partnerships-information-motivation-and-self-59mtgp8r67.pdf

Nonmonosexual Partnerships: Information, Motivation and Self-Efficacy Among Methamphetamine-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Also Have Sex with Women or Transgender Persons

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309913702615.pdf

Thomas E Guadamuz

Papers

Sampling bias in transgender studies--authors' reply.