https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity

The End of History and the Last Man

In recent years there has been a growing body of literature within political science and international studies that directly and indirectly uses, discusses and analyzes the processes involved in lesson-drawing, policy convergence, policy diffusion and policy transfer. While the terminology and focus often vary, all of these studies are concerned with a similar process in which knowledge about policies, administrative arrangements, institutions and ideas in one political setting (past or present) is used in the development of policies, administrative arrangements, institutions and ideas in another political setting.

Given that this is a growing phenomenon, it is something that anyone studying public policy needs to consider. As such, this article is divided into four major sections. The first section briefly considers the extent of, and reasons for, the growth of policy transfer. The second section then outlines a framework for the analysis of transfer. From here a third section presents a continuum for distinguishing between different types of policy transfer. Finally, the last section addresses the relationship between policy transfer and policy “failure.”

Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy‐Making

It comes as something ofa surprise to reflect that the New York Review ofBooks is now over twenty years old. Even people of my generation (that is, old enough to remember the revolutionary 196os but not young enough to have taken a very exciting part in them) think of the paper as eternally youthful. In fact, it has gone through years of relatively quiet life, yet, as always in a competitive journalistic market, it is the controversies that attract the interest of the reader and to which the history (especially an admittedly impressionistic survey that tries to include something of the intellectual context in which a journal has operated) must give some attention. Not all the attacks which the New York Review has attracted, both early in its career and more recently, are worth more than a brief summary. What do we now make, for example, of Richard Kostelanetz's forthright accusation that 'The New York Review was from its origins destined to publicize Random House's (and especially [Jason] Epstein's) books and writers'?1 Well, simply that, even if the statistics bear out the charge (and Kostelanetz provides some suggestive evidence to support it, at least with respect to some early issues), there is nothing surprising in a market economy about a publisher trying to push his books through the pages of a journal edited by his friends. True, the New York Review has not had room to review more than around fifteen books in each issue and there could be a bias in the selection of

http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3507774.pdf

The New York Review of Books

Foreword by Margaret Joan Anstee Introduction: Past as Prelude, Multilateralism as a Tactic and Strategy, Dan Plesch & Thomas G. Weiss PART ONE: PLANNING AND PROPAGANDA 1. Prewar and Wartime Postwar Planning: Antecedents to the UN Moment in San Francisco, J. Simon Rofe 2. UN Public Diplomacy: Communicating the Post-National Message, Giles Scott-Smith 3. Educators across Borders: The Council of Allied Ministers of Education, 1942-45, Miriam Intrator PART TWO: HUMAN SECURITY, 4. A New Paradigm of International Criminal Justice? Reconsidering the 1943-1948 United Nations War Crimes Commission, Dan Plesch 5. UNRRA's Operational Genius and Institutional Design, Eli Karetny & Thomas G. Weiss 6. Towards Universal Relief and Rehabilitation: India, UNRRA, and the New Internationalism, Manu Bhagavan PART THREE: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 7. The United Nations and Development: From the Origins to Current Challenges, John Burley & Stephen Browne 8. Financing Gaps, Competitiveness, and Capabilities: Why Bretton Woods Needs a Radical Rethink, Pallavi Roy 9. Stable Agricultural Markets and World Order: The FAO, and ITO, 1943-1949, Ruth Jacherz 10. Conclusion: Past as Prelude, Whither the United Nations?, Dan Plesch & Thomas G. Weiss,

Wartime origins and the future United Nations

The seventieth anniversary of the signing and entry into force of the UN Charter should call attention to the 1942-1945 United Nations Alliance that gave rise to the world body and the underpinnings of contemporary global governance. However, no longer are wars the only threats to international order. The growing list of intractable problems ranges from climate change and migration to pandemics and terrorism. What remains unchanged after seven decades is that the policy authority and resources necessary for tackling such problems remain vested in individual states rather than collectively in intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). The fundamental disconnect between a growing number of global challenges and the current inadequate structures for international problem solving and decisionmaking helps to explain occasional, tactical, and shortterm local views and responses instead of sustained, strategic, and longerrun global perspectives and actions. The rediscovery of the wartime United Nations contradicts the conventional wisdom that liberalism was abandoned to confront the Nazis and imperial Japan; it asserts that the ideals of Immanuel Kant were found to be essential to the Hobbesian objective of state survival. The attendant historio-graphical question is why the wartime UN has disappeared from academic and policy consciousness. For those who examine primary sources, this UN is in the pages of the US government's Foreign Relations of the United States of that time as well as mainstream international relations journals, newspapers, and minutes of town-hall meetings. When governments decide to use intergovernmental organizations, they work. The wartime actions of the UN's founders suggest that contemporary global governance often is a second-best surrogate for their more robust multilateralism and IGOs. If global problems require global solutions, they also require strengthened intergovernmental organizations, especially those of the UN system. This proposition flies in the face of an infatuation with problem solving by anything other than IGOs. A decade ago, Anne-Marie Slaughter viewed networks of various types rather than actual organizations as the key variable in problem solving. (1) More recently, Dan Drezner and Stewart Patrick have proposed living with the sum of alternative arrangements and dismissed the universal membership United Nations largely as hopeless and hapless. Apparently, we can aspire to only a variegated institutional sprawl--or "good-enough global governance." (2) Alas, that is not and will not be adequate without a revitalized United Nations as an integral component of international society. Skepticism about UN capacity is certainly justified, but we are kidding ourselves about the potential of plurilateralisms and minilateralisms--what the Human Development Report 2013 hopes somehow will constitute a lattice of "coherent pluralism." (3) Political leaders and civil society actors struggling in the midst of World War II thought otherwise. The Declaration by United Nations of January 1942 and the Atlantic Charter of August 1941 committed the Allies to multilateralism not only to fight fascism in the short term, but also over the longer term to maintain international peace and security and to foster postwar economic and social stability. Revisiting 1945's Forgotten Insights The rediscovery of the lost or the suppressed is a recurring theme in literature, mythology, and history from the Renaissance to Western popular fiction since World War II--Lord of the Rings, The Chronicles of Narnia, and Star Wars. The UN at war provides another startling illustration from its founding on 1 January 1942, some three and a half years before the 26 June 1945 signing of the Charter in San Francisco. "We mean business in this war in a political and humanitarian sense just as surely as we mean business in a military sense." (4) Such was US president Franklin D. …

/pdf/1945-s-lesson-good-enough-global-governance-ain-t-good-3e76y5n6ll.pdf

1945's Lesson: “Good Enough” Global Governance Ain't Good Enough

The 70th anniversary of the signing and entry into force of the UN Charter provided an occasion to explore the historical underpinnings of contemporary global governance. This article redresses the neglect of the United Nations as a multilateral structure before the conference that drafted the Charter in 1945. It rehabilitates an underappreciated aspect of the period that began on January 1, 1942, with the “Declaration by United Nations,” namely, the combination of multilateral strategies for military and human security to achieve victory in war and peace. The wide substantive and geographic resonance suggests the extent to which the pressures of the second war to end all wars helped states to overcome their disinclination to collaborate. Today’s fashionable calls for “good enough” global governance abandon the strategy of constructing robust intergovernmental organizations; they are not good enough, especially, because our forebears did much better. Many insights and operational approaches from 1942 to 1945 remain valid for addressing twenty-first-century global challenges.

/pdf/1945-s-forgotten-insight-multilateralism-as-realist-5gprr2963h.pdf

1945’s Forgotten Insight: Multilateralism as Realist Necessity

Foreword - List of Abbreviations - Notes on the Contributors - List of Participants and Observers - Introduction: The Use of Soldiers and Peacekeepers in Coping with Disasters L.Gordenker & T.G.Weiss - The Role of Military Forces in a Humanitarian Crisis J.Mackinlay - Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Assistance F.T.Liu - Dilemmas of Military Involvement in Humanitarian Relief F.C.Cuny - Developing a United Nations Capacity for Humanitarian Support Operations J.O.C.Jonah - Humanitarian Politics in the Sudan L.Minear & T.G.Weiss - Index

Soldiers, Peacekeepers and Disasters

Introduction: The UN we want for the world we want, Stephen Browne and Thomas G. Weiss, Part I: The essence of contemporary UN multilateralism, 1. UN roles and principles governing multilateral assistance, Bjorn Skogmo 2. Evolution of the UN development system, Craig N. Murphy, 3. Drivers of change for the UN's future role, Richard O'Brien Part II: Grappling with the present and future: results, funding, management, 4. Funding the UN system, Silke Weinlich 5. Evaluating the UN development system, Robert Picciotto 6. Making the UN more accountable and transparent, Richard Golding Part III: The requirements of war-torn states 7. Aligning UN development efforts and peacebuilding, W. Andy Knight 8. The economics of peace: is the UN system up to the challenge? Graciana del Castillo 9. Can peacebuilding drive the UN change agenda?, Michael von der Schulenburg Part IV: Toward a reformed UN development system 10. The UN and the post-2015 development agenda, David Hulme and Rorden Wilkinson 11. "We the Peoples" in the UN development system, Roberto Bissio 12. Revisiting UN development: the prospects for reform, Cecile Molinier and Stephen Browne Conclusion: Post-2015, making change happen?, Stephen Browne and Thomas G. Weiss

Thomas G. Weiss

Papers

Wartime origins and the future United Nations

1945's Lesson: “Good Enough” Global Governance Ain't Good Enough

1945’s Forgotten Insight: Multilateralism as Realist Necessity

Soldiers, Peacekeepers and Disasters

Post-2015 UN Development : Making Change Happen?