Afhnity for Monovalent Cations. 597 Relationship of Enzyme System to ATP. 598 Isolation of Enzyme System from Other Cells with Active Transport of Na+ and K+ 602 Location of Enzyme System in the Cell. 604 Effect of Cardiac Glycosides. 605 Quantitative Relation between Effect of Na+ + K+ on Enzyme System and Active Transport in Intact Cell. 606 Nature of Enzyme System. 607 Relation of (Na + + K+)-Activated Enzyme System to Active Transport of Cations. 6 10 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6’4

/pdf/enzymatic-basis-for-active-transport-of-na-and-k-across-cell-2agxcysijj.pdf

Enzymatic basis for active transport of na+ and k+ across cell membrane.

The relationships between the denitrification capacities of 17 surface soils and the amounts of total organic carbon, mineralizable carbon, and water-soluble organic carbon in these soils were investigated. The soils used differed markedly in pH, texture, and organic-matter content. Denitrification capacity was assessed by determining the N evolved as N2 and N2O on anaerobic incubation of nitrate-treated soil at 20°C for 7 days, and mineralizable carbon was assessed by determining the C evolved as CO2 on aerobic incubation of soil at 20°C for 7 days. The denitrification capacities of the soils studied were significantly correlated (r = 0·77∗∗∗) with total organic carbon and very highly correlated (r = 0·99∗∗∗) with water-soluble organic carbon or mineralizable carbon. The amount of nitrate N lost on anaerobic incubation of nitrate-treated soils for 7 days was very closely related (r = 0·999∗∗∗) to the amount of N evolved as N2 and N2O.

The work reported indicates that denitrification in soils under anaerobic conditions is controlled largely by the supply of readily decomposable organic matter and that analysis of soils for mineralizable carbon or water-soluble organic carbon provides a good index of their capacity for denitrification of nitrate.

Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total, water-soluble and readily decomposable soil organic matter

It was obviously my hope that the chemiosmotic rationale of vectorial metabolism and biological energy transfer might one day come to be generally accepted, and I have done my best to argue in favour of that state of affairs for more than twenty years. But, it would have been much too presumptuous to have expected it to happen. Of course, I might have been wrong, and in any case, was it not the great Max Planck (1928, 1933) who remarked that a new scientific idea does not triumph by convincing its opponents, but rather because its opponents eventually die? The fact that what began as the chemiosmotic hypothesis has now been acclaimed as the chemiosmotic theory-at the physiological level, even if not at the biochemical level-has therefore aroused in me emotions of astonishment and delight in full and equal measure, which are all the more heartfelt because those who were formerly my most capable opponents are still in the prime of their scientific lives. I shall presently explain the difference between the physiological and the biochemical levels at which the chemiosmotic theory has helped to promote useful experimental research. But let me first say that my immediate and deepest impulse is to celebrate the fruition of the creative work and benevolent influence of the late David Keilin, one of the greatest of biochemists and-to me, at least-the kindest of men, whose marvellously simple studies of the cytochrome system, in animals, plants and microorganisms (Keilin, 1925), led to the original fundamental idea of aerobic energy metabolism: the concept of the respiratory chain (Keilin, 1929; and see Nicholls, 1963; King, 1966). Perhaps the most fruitful (and surprising) outcome of the development of the notion of chemiosmotic reactions is the experimental stimulus and guidance it has provided in work designed to answer the following three elementary questions about respiratory chain systems and analogous photoredox chain systems: What is it? What does it do? How does it do it? The genius of David Keilin led to the revelation of the importance of these questions. In this lecture, I hope to show that, as a result of the painstaking work of many biochemists, we can now answer the first two in general principle, and that considerable progress is being made in answering the third. Owing to the broad conceptual background, and the very wide range of practical application of the chemiosmotic theory, I have had …

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/206/4423/1148.full.pdf

Keilin's respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences.

Summary. 
1) It is shown that for a free ion diffusing through a membrane the ratio between the flux in one direction and the simultaneous flux in the opposite direction is independent of the structure of the membrane. This ratio , which can be evaluated through tracer experiments, is equal to the ratio between the electrochemical activities of the ion on the two sides of the membrane.
2) Deviations from the equation indicate that the ion does not diffuse in the free state only, but, in part at least, as a component of some other moving particle in the membrane. Complex formation for instance as a part of an active transport mechanism brings about deviations from the above equation.
3) The diffusion of iodide through the isolated surviving frog skin is studied by means of the radioactive I131. I- diffuses inwards faster than outwards under all conditions studied. Nevertheless, no active transport of I- need be postulated since the potential difference across the skin is somewhat higher than required to explain the difference in diffusion rate.
4) Both influx and outflux of I- show a negative correlation to the potential difference, so that high P. D. values are found only when the I- permeability is low.

The Distinction by Means of Tracers Between Active Transport and Diffusion

Detection, isolation, and characterization of siderophores.

/pdf/on-the-estimation-of-bound-hydroxylamine-in-biological-16d0kocsbt.pdf

On the Estimation of Bound Hydroxylamine in Biological Materials.

/pdf/on-accumulation-and-active-transport-in-biological-systems-i-1cmamzcfep.pdf

On Accumulation and Active Transport in Biological Systems. I. Thermodynamic Considerations.

/pdf/corticrocin-a-pigment-from-the-mycelium-of-a-mycorrhiza-1qmnr4xfwk.pdf

Corticrocin, a Pigment from the Mycelium of a Mycorrhiza Fungus. II.

/pdf/in-vitro-inhibition-of-alkaline-phosphatase-by-estrogenic-4cxqw6bxro.pdf

In Vitro Inhibition of Alkaline Phosphatase by Estrogenic Hormones.

/pdf/uber-eine-einfache-thermodynamische-beziehung-zwischen-3ccweuzuce.pdf

Thomas Rosenberg

Papers

On the Estimation of Bound Hydroxylamine in Biological Materials.

On Accumulation and Active Transport in Biological Systems. I. Thermodynamic Considerations.

Corticrocin, a Pigment from the Mycelium of a Mycorrhiza Fungus. II.

In Vitro Inhibition of Alkaline Phosphatase by Estrogenic Hormones.

Über eine einfache thermodynamische Beziehung zwischen Phasengleichgewichten in 2-Komponentsystemen.