Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development and characterization of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models for cancer research. PDX models mostly retain the principal histologic and genetic characteristics of their donor tumor and remain stable across passages. These models have been shown to be predictive of clinical outcomes and are being used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, biologic studies, and personalized medicine strategies. This article summarizes the current state of the art in this field, including methodologic issues, available collections, practical applications, challenges and shortcomings, and future directions, and introduces a European consortium of PDX models. Significance: PDX models are increasingly used in translational cancer research. These models are useful for drug screening, biomarker development, and the preclinical evaluation of personalized medicine strategies. This review provides a timely overview of the key characteristics of PDX models and a detailed discussion of future directions in the field. Cancer Discov; 4(9); 998–1013. ©2014 AACR .

https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/candisc/4/9/998.full.pdf

Patient-derived xenograft models: an emerging platform for translational cancer research.

Meeting Highlights: International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2005

노인 통증사정을 위한 한국어 판 Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire [SF-MPQ]의 신뢰도와 타당도

PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in cancer: At the bench and bedside

Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: An overview of the randomised trials


 Introduction: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common and debilitating among breast cancer survivors. Recently, the Personalized Electroacupuncture (EA) versus Auricular Acupuncture (AA) Comparative Effectiveness (PEACE) trial demonstrated that both acupuncture methods reduced pain more than usual care (UC) in cancer survivors. However, the comparative effectiveness between EA and AA among breast cancer survivors is unknown. Here, we report the results of subgroup analysis of breast cancer survivors enrolled in the PEACE trial. Methods: PEACE is a three-arm, parallel, single center randomized trial investigating the effectiveness of EA and AA versus UC for chronic musculoskeletal pain in 360 cancer survivors. Patients in both EA and AA received ten weekly treatments. Patients in UC could receive ten EA treatments after week 12. The primary endpoint was the change in mean Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) pain intensity from baseline to week 12; change from baseline to week 24 and change in quality of life were secondary endpoints. We analyzed the subset of 46% of trial participants with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer. We conducted constrained linear mixed model analyses, which constrained all arms to have a common pre-randomization baseline mean. Model-based mean estimates at weeks 12 and 24 were compared between arms using model contrasts. Results: Among 165 breast cancer survivors, the baseline mean pain severity was 5.35 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 5.04, 5.66). At week 12, the BPI pain severity score was 2.69 (2.26. 3.13) in EA, 3.60 (3.17, 4.02) in AA, and 5.06 (4.47, 5.65) in UC. At week 24, the mean BPI pain severity was 2.84 (95% CI: 2.40, 3.28) in EA and 3.67 (95% CI: 3.23, 4.10) in AA. EA reduced pain severity significantly more than AA at both week 12, (-0.90 [-1.45, -0.36], p=0.001) and week 24 (-0.82, [-1.38, -0.27], p=0.004). There were no differences between EA and AA in improvements in PROMIS physical health or mental health component scores, but both EA and AA significantly improved both PROMIS scores at week 12 compared to UC. Mild toxicities were reported, more patients dropped out of the AA arm due to ear pain. Conclusions: EA was more effective than AA at reducing pain severity, but both similarly improved physical and mental health scores. Breast cancer survivors with chronic musculoskeletal pain may consider EA before AA.
 Citation Format: Ting Bao, W. Iris Zhi, Raymond Baser, Qing Li, Jun Mao. Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture Versus Auricular Acupuncture in Reducing Pain and Improving Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PD8-05.

Abstract PD8-05: Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture Versus Auricular Acupuncture in Reducing Pain and Improving Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

12077 Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy with limited treatment options. We examined the association between exercise and CIPN symptoms in patients with post-treatment primary breast cancer. Methods: Using a retrospective design, patients completing a standardized survey assessing exercise exposure, neuropathy symptoms, and pain in a tertiary cancer center survivorship clinic were included. Exercise was assessed using a standardized questionnaire quantified in standardized metabolic equivalent tasks (MET-h/wk). Chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, Kendall’s rank correlations, and multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for important clinical covariates examined the relationship between exercise and CIPN and whether this differed as a function of chemotherapy regimen (taxane vs. non-taxane based therapy). Results: A total of 5,444 patients with primary breast cancer previously treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (median age 62 years (IQR: 55, 71); median of 4.7 years post chemotherapy completion (IQR: 3.3, 7.6)) were identified. The overall prevalence of CIPN was 34% (95% CI: 33%, 36%); 33% (95% CI: 31%, 34%) for non-taxane and 37% (95% CI: 35%, 39%) for taxane based chemotherapy. The prevalence of CIPN was 28% (95% CI: 26%, 30%) among exercisers (≥5 days of moderate or ≥3 days of strenuous exercise per week) and 38% (95% CI: 37%, 40%) among non-exercisers (difference 11%; 95% CI: 8%, 13%; p < 0.001). Associations appeared dose-dependent. CIPN prevalence was 42% for < 6 MET-h/wk, 33% for 6-20.24 MET-h/wk and 29% for > 20.25 MET-h/wk (p-value < 0.001). Exercise was associated with reduced prevalence of all individual CIPN symptoms (numbness and tingling, pain, interference in daily living). Higher exercise was associated with lower CIPN regardless of chemotherapy regimen. Conclusions: CIPN is persistent several years following chemotherapy cessation in patients with breast cancer but significantly reduced by exercise in a dose-dependent manner.

Impact of exercise on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in survivors with post-treatment primary breast cancer.

Abstract Introduction Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can lead to chemotherapy dose reduction, delay, and discontinuation, and has limited effective prevention strategies. Our study aimed to identify patient characteristics associated with CIPN severity during weekly paclitaxel chemotherapy in people with early-stage breast cancer. Methods We retrospectively collected baseline data including participants’ age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (regular and A1C), thyroid stimulating hormone, Vitamins (B6, B12, and D), anxiety, and depression up to 4 months prior to their first paclitaxel treatment. We also collected CIPN severity by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) after chemotherapy, chemotherapy relative dose density (RDI), disease recurrence, and mortality rate at the time of the analysis. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results We extracted 105 participants’ baseline characteristics from electronic medical records. Baseline BMI was associated with CIPN severity (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16, P = .024). No significant correlations were observed in other covariates. At median follow-up (61 months), there were 12 (9.5%) breast cancer recurrences and six (5.7%) breast cancer-related deaths. Higher chemotherapy RDI was associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS, OR 1.025; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P = .028). Conclusions and Relevance Baseline BMI may be a risk factor for CIPN and suboptimal chemotherapy delivery due to CIPN may negatively impact disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Further study is warranted to identify mitigating lifestyle factors to reduce incidences of CIPN during breast cancer treatment.

/pdf/patient-characteristics-associated-with-chemotherapy-induced-ksitc8u7.pdf

Ting Bao

Papers

Abstract PD8-05: Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture Versus Auricular Acupuncture in Reducing Pain and Improving Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Impact of exercise on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in survivors with post-treatment primary breast cancer.

Patient Characteristics Associated With Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Severity in a Phase II Clinical Trial: A Retrospective Analysis