Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprise first and second conductive elements (e.g. electrical leads) electrically coupled to and separated by a chemically sensitive resistor which provides an electrical path between the conductive elements. The resistor comprises a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive organic polymer) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material) transverse to the electrical path. The resistor provides a difference in resistance between the conductive elements when contacted with a fluid comprising a chemical analyte at a first concentration, than when contacted with a fluid comprising the chemical analyte at a second different concentration. Arrays of such sensors are constructed with at least two sensors having different chemically sensitive resistors providing dissimilar such differences in resistance. Variability in chemical sensitivity from sensor to sensor is provided by qualitatively or quantitatively varying the composition of the conductive and/or nonconductive regions. An electronic nose for detecting an analyte in a fluid may be constructed by using such arrays in conjunction with an electrical measuring device electrically connected to the conductive elements of each sensor.

/pdf/sensor-arrays-for-detecting-analytes-in-fluids-1mw0rzj5oi.pdf

Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids

Modern gas monitoring scenarios for medical diagnostics, environmental surveillance, industrial safety, and other applications demand new sensing capabilities. This Review provides analysis of development of new generation of gas sensors based on the multivariable response principles. Design criteria of these individual sensors involve a sensing material with multiresponse mechanisms to different gases and a multivariable transducer with independent outputs to recognize these different gas responses. These new sensors quantify individual components in mixtures, reject interferences, and offer more stable response over sensor arrays. Such performance is attractive when selectivity advantages of classic gas chromatography, ion mobility, and mass spectrometry instruments are canceled by requirements for no consumables, low power, low cost, and unobtrusive form factors for Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, and other applications. This Review is concluded with a perspective for future needs in fundament...

Multivariable Sensors for Ubiquitous Monitoring of Gases in the Era of Internet of Things and Industrial Internet

The invention relates to a microelectrochemical electrode structure (10) comprising a monolithic substrate (12) having a front surface (14) and a back surface (16) facing generally away from one another, a first well (18) extending into the substrate from the front surface towards the back surface and ending in a first well bottom (20), and a first passage (22) extending into the substrate from the back surface to the first well bottom. A first electrode (24) is located wholly within the first well. A first conductor (26) in the first passage serves for electrically communicating the first electrode (24) to adjacent the back surface (16). A plurality of such electrode structures can be provided on a single substrate. The use of semiconductor processing technology allows the entire sensor to be extremely small. If desired, an integrated circuit (48) can be provided on the back surface of the substrate for amplifying or otherwise processing signals from the first electrode. Analysis can be carried out for vapors or dissolved species (ionic or non-ionic).

Microelectrochemical sensor and sensor array

Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprise first and second conductive elements (e.g., electrical leads) electrically coupled to and separated by a chemically sensitive resistor which provides an electrical path between the conductive elements. The resistor comprises a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive organic polymer) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material) transverse to the electrical path. The resistor provides a difference in resistance between the conductive elements when contacted with a fluid comprising a chemical analyte at a first concentration, than when contacted with a fluid comprising the chemical analyte at a second different concentration. Arrays of such sensors are constructed with at least two sensors having different chemically sensitive resistors providing dissimilar such differences in resistance. Variability in chemical sensitivity from sensor to sensor is provided by qualitatively or quantitatively varying the composition of the conductive and/or nonconductive regions. An electronic nose for detecting an analyte in a fluid may be constructed by using such arrays in conjunction with an electrical measuring device electrically connected to the conductive elements of each sensor.

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20080004160/downloads/20080004160.pdf

Sensors for detecting analytes in fluids

A pattern forming method, including: (A) coating a substrate with a positive resist composition of which solubility in a positive developer increases and solubility in a negative developer decreases upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, so as to form a resist film; (B) exposing the resist film; and (D) developing the resist film with a negative developer; a positive resist composition for multiple development used in the method; a developer for use in the method; and a rinsing solution for negative development used in the method.

Pattern forming method, resist composition for multiple development used in the pattern forming method, developer for negative development used in the pattern forming method, and rinsing solution for negative development used in the pattern forming method

A gas detection device and a method for detecting a gas where gas information including concentrations of gas components in a mixed gas, concentration, presence of specific gas components and the like is detected by measuring, e.g., the output voltages of a plurality of gas sensors having different gas selectivities. The gas selectivities, as a characteristic constant of the specific gas sensor, was previously determined. The measured output voltages and gas selectivities are then used for solving plural simultaneous equations for gas concentrations.

Gas detection device and method for detecting gas

A gas detecting apparatus is disclosed in which detection outputs from a plurality of semiconductor gas detecting elements different in gas detection characteristic from each other and previously-obtained characteristic values of the semiconductor gas detecting elements for a mixed gas are subjected to operational processing to detect one or more specified constituent gases contained in the mixed gas, and in which when the specified constituent gas is detected, the detection information is announced by some means, and also the supply of gas is stopped or a supply gas is diluted.

Gas detecting apparatus

One or more parts having terminals can be mounted on a circuit board by coating an ultraviolet-curing and thermosetting resin composition comprising an ultraviolet-curing resin, an addition polymerizable monomer, a photosensitizer and a heat polymerization initiator, on the circuit board by screen printing with a prescribed pattern, mounting the parts on the printed resin composition, curing the resin composition by simultaneous irradiation of ultraviolet light and heat rays so as to bond the parts to the circuit board, and soldering the parts onto the circuit board.

Method for mounting parts on circuit boards

A light- or radiation-sensitive polymer composition comprising (a) a poly(amic acid) having as a major component a repeating unit of the formula: ##STR1## (b) one or more light- or radiation-sensitive compounds having an amino group and an aromatic azide group or aromatic sulfonylazide group in one molecule, and if necessary (c) one or more photosensitizers and/or amine compounds having at least one unsaturated bonding, and/or (d) one or more compounds having at least two unsaturated bonding in one molecule, is highly sensitive to light and radiation and can give a precise relief pattern on a substrate. Further, a finally obtained polyimide film is excellent in heat resistance.

Radiation-sensitive poly(amic acid) polymer composition

Heat-resistant silicone block polymer with a good flexibility obtained by reaction of an organosilsesquioxane with a silicone compound or organosiloxane in the presence of a basic catalyst in an organic solvent.

Tokio Isogai

Papers

Gas detection device and method for detecting gas

Gas detecting apparatus

Method for mounting parts on circuit boards

Radiation-sensitive poly(amic acid) polymer composition

Heat-resistant silicone block polymer