Information privacy concerns, antecedents and privacy measure use in social networking sites: Evidence from Malaysia

“Security begins at home”: Determinants of home computer and mobile device security behavior

Investigating motivated consumer innovativeness in the context of drone food delivery services

1. INTRODUCTION Use of computers and the Internet is an integral part of college students' daily lives as they regularly use their computers and the Internet to access email, complete coursework, retrieve grades, register for courses, purchase books and supplies, pay tuition, and complete various other transactions that lead to leaving sensitive information on their computers and the Internet. With such dependency on the computer and the Internet, students are highly exposed to serious information security threats such as hacking, malware, and viruses. As information security threats continue to be a critical concern, importance of education in information security continues to be emphasized in information systems education. According to Ng, Kankanhalli, and Xu (2009), information security education including security education, security training, and security awareness programs will influence users to become more security conscious. Thus, it is important to investigate the factors that influence users' security attitudes to design effective educational programs. This study aims to identify factors that motivate college students' behaviors towards information security. As a framework for this study, we introduce a research model based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) by Rogers (1983), subject norms, and habit factors. PMT is frequently used to analyze proactive behaviors and has been empirically tested by Woon, Tan and Low (2005) and Workman, Bommer, and Straub (2008). This study adds value to our field of research by designing a conceptual framework for understanding students' information security behaviors as a certain group. On a practical level, this study provides educators with suggestions for designing education in information security. 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Protection Motivation Theory PMT was first introduced by Rogers (1975), to explain the effects of how fear appeals to individuals on health-related decisions such as dieting, quitting smoking and drinking, using condoms, and other concerns imposing health risks. PMT has since been widely extended to other fields of research and it is a powerful explanatory theory to predict individuals' intentions to take protective actions in other situations when threat is perceived. According to Rogers (1983), PMT consists of the cognitive appraisal process based on an individual's experience when faced with a threat. The cognitive process is divided into threat appraisal process and coping appraisal process. The threat appraisal process evaluates a maladaptive behavior (e.g., smoking). Factors of the threat appraisal are maladaptive response rewards, intrinsic and extrinsic, and the perception of threat, severity and vulnerability. Reward factors increase the probability of selecting the maladaptive behavior, whereas threat factors decrease the probability of selecting the maladaptive behavior (Floyd, Prentice-Dunn and Rogers 2000). The coping appraisal process evaluates the ability to cope with the threatened danger. Factors of the coping appraisal are response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response costs. Response efficacy is a person's belief that an adaptive response (a recommended action) will be effective in protecting him or her from the threat. Self-efficacy refers to a person's perceived ability to actually carry out the adaptive response. Response costs are any costs for taking the adaptive response (e.g., monetary, time, and effort). Response efficacy and self-efficacy increase the probability of selecting the adaptive behavior, whereas response costs decrease the probability of selecting the adaptive behavior (Floyd, Prentice-Dunn and Rogers 2000). Although PMT was originally developed to explain the effects of fear appeals on health attitudes and behaviors such as the use of condoms to prevent HIV infections, the theory has found broad empirical support (Johnston and Warkentin 2010). …

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Exploring Factors That Influence Students' Behaviors in Information Security

Purpose – This paper aims to report on the information security behaviors of smartphone users in an affluent economy of the Middle East. Design/methodology/approach – A model based on prior research, synthesized from a thorough literature review, is tested using survey data from 500 smartphone users representing three major mobile operating systems. Findings – The overall level of security behaviors is low. Regression coefficients indicate that the efficacy of security measures and the cost of adopting them are the main factors influencing smartphone security behaviors. At present, smartphone users are more worried about malware and data leakage than targeted information theft. Research limitations/implications – Threats and counter-measures co-evolve over time, and our findings, which describe the state of smartphone security at the current time, will need to be updated in the future. Practical implications – Measures to improve security practices of smartphone users are needed urgently. The findings ind...

Security behaviors of smartphone users

While most technology adoption models have focused on beneficial technologies, Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is a potentially valuable model for predicting adoption of protective technologies, which help users avoid harm from a growing number of negative technologies, such as malware. We present a PMT-based model of users intentions to adopt anti-spyware software and test the model on undergraduate student computer users. Results show that perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response efficacy, and response cost influence behavioral intention to use anti-spyware software as a protective technology. Maladaptive coping was affected to a much lesser degree by these variables, although it did have its own significant effect on behavioral intention. Results are compared to the small but growing number of promising PMTbased research models investigating technology adoption.

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Application of Protection Motivation Theory to Adoption of Protective Technologies

Numerous studies have investigated employees’ decisions to adopt IS security measures by focusing on adaptive responses. Using the Extended Parallel Processing model (EPPM), this study evaluates su...

Tom Gattiker

Papers

Application of Protection Motivation Theory to Adoption of Protective Technologies

Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping with an It Threat