To overcome the recent outbreaks of hepatotoxicity-related drugs, a new analytical tool for the continuously determination of these drugs in human fluids is required. Electrochemical-based analytical methods offer an effective, rapid, and simple tool for on-site determination of various organic and inorganic species. However, the design of a sensitive, selective, stable, and reproducible sensor is still a major challenge. In the present manuscript, a facile, one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O2.33) nanostructures (nanorods) was developed. These BiO nanorods were cast onto mass disposable graphite screen-printed electrodes (BiO-SPEs), allowing the ultrasensitive determination of acetaminophen (APAP) in the presence of its common interference isoniazid (INH), which are both found in drug samples. The simultaneous electroanalytical sensing using BiO-SPEs exhibited strong electrocatalytic activity toward the sensing of APAP and INH with an enhanced analytical signal (voltammetric peak) over ...

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Acetaminophen and Isoniazid (Hepatotoxicity-Related Drugs) Utilizing Bismuth Oxide Nanorod Modified Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensing Platforms

A novel and efficient halogen-free composite flame retardant (CFR) consisting of a brucite core and a fine zinc borate [Zn6O(OH)(BO3)3] hierarchical nanostructure shell was designed and synthesized via a facile nanoengineering route. It had been demonstrated that this unique hybrid structure possessed a high BET specific surface area (65 m2/g) and could significantly enhance the interfacial interaction when mixing with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). This improved the transfer of stress between CFR particles and EVA matrix and increased the viscosity of EVA/EVA blends, which was beneficial for droplet inhibition and char forming. The mechanical properties and flammability behaviors of the EVA/CFR blends had been compared with the EVA/physical mixture (PM, with the given proportion of brucite and Zn6O(OH)(BO3)3). The mechanical properties of EVA/CFR blends, especially the tensile strength (TS), presented a remarkable increase reaching at least a 20% increment. Meanwhile, with the same 45 wt % of fillers, the...

Controllable Fabrication of Zinc Borate Hierarchical Nanostructure on Brucite Surface for Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardant Behaviors

Ionic liquids for nano- and microstructures preparation. Part 2: Application in synthesis

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have proven to be suitable solvents and reactants for low-temperature reactions. To date, several attempts were made to apply this promising class of materials to metal oxide chemistry, which, conventionally, is performed at high temperatures. This review gives an overview about the scientific approaches of the synthesis as well as the dissolution of metal oxides in ILs and DESs. A wide range of metal oxides along with numerous ILs and DESs are covered by this research. With ILs and DESs being involved, many metal oxide phases as well as different particle morphologies were obtained by means of relatively simple reactions paths. By the development of acidic task-specific ILs and DESs, even difficultly soluble metal oxides were dissolved and, hence, made accessible for downstream chemistry. Especially the role of ILs in these reactions is in the focus of discussion.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/1/78/pdf

Synthesis and Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Ionic liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Magnesium oxide (MgO) has been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for the treatment of toxic dyes in wastewater due to its unique characteristics (e.g., high isoelectric point, nontoxicity and cost-effectiveness). However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate highly efficient MgO for toxic dyes through facile synthetic strategies. Herein, a porous rod-like MgO with extremely high adsorption capacity for Congo red dye (3236 mg g−1) has been presented through a facile precipitation reaction between Mg2+ and CO32− in the presence of a trace amount of sodium silicate. After systematically investigating the experimental parameters, the results exhibited that the performance of the resulting MgO was very sensitive to the amount of sodium silicate in the reaction, stirring time and calcination temperature, and its adsorption capacity was closely related to the surface base properties rather than the specific surface areas of MgO. The adsorption process of Congo red on the as-synthesized product obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the Langmuir adsorption model. It is expected that the developed method will provide a facile route to gram level production of highly efficient MgO for handling toxic dyes in industrial wastewater.

One-pot synthesis of highly efficient MgO for the removal of Congo red in aqueous solution

Highly crystalline magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) was obtained by sol–gel process using magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) in a hydrophilic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) as a medium. Crystallite size of Mg(OH)2 obtained in [Bmim]Cl was larger than that obtained in 2-propanol (used as a medium for comparison), which indicates that [Bmim]Cl worked as a template. The obtained Mg(OH)2 was transformed to magnesium oxide (MgO) by heat treatment under atmospheric pressure. After heat treatment, crystallite size of the MgO obtained in [Bmim]Cl was also larger than that obtained in 2-propanol, reflecting the crystallinity of Mg(OH)2 before heat treatment. Polystyrene (PS)/Mg(OH)2 composite particles were successfully prepared by seeded dispersion sol–gel process in [Bmim]Cl in the presence of PS seed particles. The composite particles had smooth surfaces and core–shell morphology consisting of PS core and Mg(OH)2 shell having high crystallinity. The Mg(OH)2 ...

Preparation of Highly Crystalline Magnesium Oxide and Polystyrene/Magnesium Hydroxide Composite Particles by Sol–Gel Processes in an Ionic Liquid

90 % cold-rolled SUS316LN austenite stainless steels with di ﬀ erent Mn content were annealed and the changes in the microstructure and texture after static recrystallization (SRX) were investigated. A typical heterogeneous nanostructure (HN), in which “ eye ” -shaped twin domains, shear bands and low-angle lamellae were main structural components, was developed by the heavy cold rolling. The formation of twin domains with crystallographical orientation of { 111 } // rolling plane e ﬀ ectively suppressed a sharp { 101 } texture evolution. However, preferential SRX nucleation at shear bands close to { 101 } orientation hindered the above { 111 } texture component and, then, a typical { 101 } one prevailed in whole area after full SRX. Dense nuclei in the HN led to homogeneous evolution of ﬁ ne-grained structure. While the e ﬀ ects of Mn content on the microstructure and texture were not evident, superior mechanical properties appeared to be more emphasized with increasing Mn content. The SUS316LN sheets were annealed at various temperatures between 923 K and 1173 K in a salt bath for 1 h followed by water quenching and the evolved microstructure was examined using OIM after mechanical and electritical polishing. Microstructural observation was carried out at around the center in thickness and from transvers direction (T.D.) for the as-rolled samples and from normal direction (N.D.) for the annealed ones. The annealed samples were tensile tested parallel to rolling direction (R.D.) on an Instron-type mechanical testing machine at an initial strain rate of 2.5 © 10 ¹ 3 s ¹ 1 . The gauge dimensions of the samples were 6.0 © 2.0 © 0.5 mm 3 . Change in hardness after annealing was measured using micro-Vickers hardness tester.

Tomoki Tsuji

Papers

Preparation of Highly Crystalline Magnesium Oxide and Polystyrene/Magnesium Hydroxide Composite Particles by Sol–Gel Processes in an Ionic Liquid

A d v a n c e V i e w Statically Recrystallized Microstructure and Texture of Heterogeneous Nanostructured SUS316LN Austenite Stainless Steels