In recent years, research in organophosphorus chemistry has mainly focused in designing newer and better phosphorus ligands for synthesizing novel metal complexes with improved catalytic activities. Aminophosphines [tricoordinate phosphorus(III)–nitrogen systems] are considered as versatile compounds owing to the presence of nitrogen centres which, in principle, can influence additional reactivity features. They are quite sensitive to air and moisture due to the presence of polar PN bond(s). In spite of this, research in aminophosphine chemistry is gaining momentum day-by-day and this is due mainly to one reason: their rich behaviour as ligands in metal complex chemistry and subsequently in catalysis. Their role as synthons in inorganic heterocyclic chemistry has also helped produce new types of heterocycles. In this paper, the chemistry of simple acyclic aminophosphines (synthesis, characterization, reactivity and applications) is covered and particular focus is given to their ability to form chalcogenides along with their role played as ligands in coordination chemistry and as synthons in inorganic heterocyclic chemistry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Aminophosphines: their chemistry and role as ligands and synthons

Premicellar and micelle formation behavior of aqueous anionic surfactants in the presence of triphenylmethane dyes: protonation of dye in ion pair micelles

Although electrocarboxylation reactions use CO2 as a renewable synthon and can incorporate renewable electricity as a driving force, the overall sustainability and practicality of this process is limited by the use of sacrificial anodes such as magnesium and aluminum. Replacing these anodes for the carboxylation of organic halides is not trivial because the cations produced from their oxidation inhibit a variety of undesired nucleophilic reactions that form esters, carbonates, and alcohols. Herein, a strategy to maintain selectivity without a sacrificial anode is developed by adding a salt with an inorganic cation that blocks nucleophilic reactions. Using anhydrous MgBr2 as a low-cost, soluble source of Mg2+ cations, carboxylation of a variety of aliphatic, benzylic, and aromatic halides was achieved with moderate to good (34-78%) yields without a sacrificial anode. Moreover, the yields from the sacrificial-anode-free process were often comparable or better than those from a traditional sacrificial-anode process. Examining a wide variety of substrates shows a correlation between known nucleophilic susceptibilities of carbon-halide bonds and selectivity loss in the absence of a Mg2+ source. The carboxylate anion product was also discovered to mitigate cathodic passivation by insoluble carbonates produced as byproducts from concomitant CO2 reduction to CO, although this protection can eventually become insufficient when sacrificial anodes are used. These results are a key step toward sustainable and practical carboxylation by providing an electrolyte design guideline to obviate the need for sacrificial anodes.

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Suppressing carboxylate nucleophilicity with inorganic salts enables selective electrocarboxylation without sacrificial anodes

Protonation of acridine orange in dye-surfactant ion pair micelles

UV-visible, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on the interaction between protons or alkaline earth metal ions and the benzoate ion in acetonitrile

The specific interaction between lithium ions and the tropolonate ion (C7H5O2-:  L-) was examined by means of UV−visible and 1H or 13C NMR spectroscopy in acetonitrile and other solvents. On the basis of the electronic spectra, we can propose the formation of not only coordination-type species (Li+(L-)2) and the ion pair (Li+L-) but also a “triple cation” ((Li+)2L-) in acetonitrile and acetone; however, no “triple cation” was found in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), solvents of higher donicities and only ion pair formation between Li+ and L- in methanol of much higher donicity and acceptivity. The 1H NMR chemical shifts of the tropolonate ion with increasing Li+ concentration verified the formation of (Li+)2L- species in CD3CN and acetone-d6, but not in DMF-d6 or CD3OD. With increasing concentration of LiClO4 in CD3CN, the 1H NMR signals of 4-isopropyltropolone (HL‘) in coexistence with an equivalent amount of Et3N shifted first toward higher and then toward lower magnetic-fie...

UV-visible and 1H or 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on the specific interaction between lithium ions and the anion from tropolone or 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol) and on the formation of protonated tropolones in acetonitrile or other solvents.

Electrochemical (polarographic, cyclic voltammetric, and coulometric) and coordination behaviour of several symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted phosphiniminocyclotrithiazenes have been studied. Polarograms of R3PN-S3N3 (R = C6H5, p-ClC6H4, p-H3CC6H4, and (OC4H8N)), Ph2(OC4H8N)PN-S3N3, and Ph(OC4H8N)2PN-S3N3 give two cathodic waves. Cyclic voltammograms of Ph3PN-S3N3 (1) and (OC4H8N)3PN-S3N3 (2) reveal nearly the same oxidation peak potential but different reduction potentials. Controlled potential electrolysis of 1 and 2 at +0.6 V indicates exocyclic cleavage and ring degradation. Cathodic reduction behaviour of Ph3PN-S3N3 suggests the possibility for the formation of 1,5-(Ph3PN)2S4N4 under electrochemical conditions. Reaction of nickel chloride hexahydrate with heterocycle 1 in 1:2 molar ratio in acetonitrile affords the complex, [Ni(S2N2H)2] (A) (90% yield) and [Ph3PNH2]Cl salt as products. Analogous reactions with other ligands of this type (two symmetrical (sym.) and three unsymmetrical (uns...

Tomonori Inoue

Papers

UV-visible and 1H or 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on the specific interaction between lithium ions and the anion from tropolone or 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol) and on the formation of protonated tropolones in acetonitrile or other solvents.

Studies on electrochemical and coordination behaviour of phosphiniminocyclotrithiazenes