3. Soluble Metal Oxides 2459 3.1. Polyoxometalates 2459 3.2. Peroxotungstates 2459 3.3. Peroxomolybdates 2460 3.4. Methyltrioxorhenium 2461 3.5. Other Metal Oxides 2461 4. Metal Oxides Generated in Situ 2461 4.1. Selenium and Arsenic Compounds 2461 4.2. Simple Metal Salts 2462 5. Coordination Complexes 2463 5.1. Manganese Porphyrins 2463 5.2. Iron Porphyrins 2464 5.3. Manganese Salen Complexes 2466 5.4. 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane (TACN) Complexes 2466 5.5. Iron and Manganese Pyridyl-Amine Complexes 2468

/pdf/metal-catalyzed-epoxidations-of-alkenes-with-hydrogen-3kxbglgruw.pdf

Metal-Catalyzed Epoxidations of Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide

Lipase is derived from Humicola sp. (incl. Theremomyces sp.), preferably H. lanuginosa. This lipase is found to have high activity at alkaline pH and to be compatible with anionic surfactants, and it is more effective as a detergent additive than previously described detergent lipases.

Enzymatic detergent additive

Cognitive architecture of a mini-brain: the honeybee

Novel lipolytic enzymes having an optimum pH in the range of 8 and 10.5 which exhibits effective lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration of up to about 10 g/l under washing conditions at a temperature of 60° C. or below and at a pH between 7 and 11. These lipases are useful in washing compsitions, premixes and enzymatic detergent additives. They are obtainable from bacteria strains selected from Psedomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomanas stutzeri and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Preferred strains are Pxs. pseudoalcaligenes CBS 467.85, CBS 468.85, CBS 471.85, CBS 473.85 and ATCC 29625, Ps. stutzeri CBS 461.85 and Acimetobacter calcoaceticus CBS 460.85, and variants and mutants thereof.

Novel lipolytic enzymes and their use in detergent compositions

This review describes examples of remarkable acceleration of metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions by certain additives. In some cases, reactions proceed 2 or 10 times more rapidly in comparison with the process in the additive’s absence, in other cases, reactions become possible only in the presence of the additive. Varying ligands at the metal center or additives, one can not only dramatically improve yields of oxygenates but also control the selectivity of the reaction. Understanding mechanisms of the additive’s action is very important for search of new efficient catalysts and catalytic systems. Additives considered in the review can play roles of the ligands at metal ion or proton or electron transfer reagents and they mimic certain enzymes (the active center or its environment). Often the mechanism of the effect of additives on the reaction rate and the product yield is unknown, and the main aim of the review is to attract investigator’s attention in creating new efficient catalytic systems, which contain not only a metal ion but also a necessary “additive”.

http://shulpin.narod.ru/JMolCatal2002.pdf

Metal-catalyzed hydrocarbon oxygenations in solutions: the dramatic role of additives: a review

THE detergents of the next century will be routinely required to contain bleaching agents that are not only more active than those currently available but also environmentally safe and cost-effective. Hydrogen peroxide, the traditional bleaching agent1, loses its activity as the washing temperature decreases. Peroxyacetic acid maintains acceptable bleaching activity down to 40–60 °C (ref. 2), but still lower temperatures are desirable. It is generally recognized that manganese and iron complexes are less environmentally damaging reagents than other transition-metal compounds, and such complexes have received considerable attention as bleaching catalysts3–11. Here we show that manganese complexes derived from l,4,7-trimethyl-l,4,7-triazacyclononane and related ligand systems act as highly effective catalysts for the bleaching of stains by hydrogen peroxide at low temperatures. These complexes also catalyse the epoxidation of alkenes and the oxidation of poh phenolic substrates by hydrogen peroxide. Our results demonstrate the considerable potential of these systems for clean and efficient low-temperature bleaching.

Efficient manganese catalysts for low-temperature bleaching

Concentrated detergent powder compositions having a bulk density of above 600 g/l, preferably at least 610 g/l, more preferably from 650 g/l to 1200 g/l, and comprising a surfactant, a detergency builder, enzymes, a peroxygen compound bleach, and a manganese complex as effective bleach catalyst are disclosed Specifically preferred manganese complexes are: 
        1)   [Mn IV ₂(µ-O)₃(Me-TACN)₂](PF₆)₂ and 
        2)   [Mn IV ₂(µ-O)₃(MeMe-TACN)₂](PF₆)₂ Use of these catalysts can make the detergent powder more compact, ie reduce the pack volume, without loss of performance or even with a much better bleaching and washing powder

Concentrated detergent powder compositions

There is provided an enzymatic detergent composition which comprises: (a) surfactant; (b) 10 - 20,000 LU per gram of the detergent composition of a lipolytic enzyme obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Rhizomucor miehei and (c) a non-cross-bridged polydentate N-donor ligand capable of forming a complex with a transition metal, wherein said complex is capable of catalysing the bleaching of stains on fabrics by means of atmospheric oxygen.

Enzymatic detergent compositions

The invention relates to catalytically bleaching substrates, especially laundry fabrics, with a bleaching composition and a peroxyl source.

Composition and method for bleaching a substrate

C7291 (L) ABSTRACT Detergent bleach compositions are disclosed comprising a surface active material, a peroxide bleaching agent and a dinuclear manganese complex as the bleach catalyst, characterised in that the composition comprises from 0-25%by weight of anionic surfactant and from 75-55% by weight of nonionic surfactant, the weight ratio of nonionic surfactant to anionic surfactant being at least 075 if the composition contains not more than 75% by weight of a carbonate, expressed as sodium carbonate, and at least 22 if the composition contains more than 75% by weight of a carbonate

Ton Swarthoff

Papers

Efficient manganese catalysts for low-temperature bleaching

Concentrated detergent powder compositions

Enzymatic detergent compositions

Composition and method for bleaching a substrate

Detergent bleach compositions