Coumarins in the Rutaceae

Alkaloids of the rutaceae: their distribution and systematic significance☆

A literature survey was conducted on herbs, their preparations and ingredients with reported liver protection activities, in which a total of 274 different species and hundreds of active ingredients have been examined. These ingredients can be roughly classified into two categories according to their activities: (1) the main ingredients, such as silybin, osthole, coumarin, glycyrrhizin, saikosaponin A, schisandrin A, flavonoids; and (2) supporting substances, such as sugars, amino acids, resins, tannins and volatile oil. Among them, some active ingredients have hepatoprotective activities (e.g. anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulating and liver cirrhosis-regulating effects). Calculation of physicochemical parameters indicates that the main ingredients with negative and positive Elumo values possibly display their hepatoprotective effects through different mechanisms, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. As the combination of herbs may achieve some treatment effects synergistically and/or additively, it is common in Chinese medicine to use mixtures of various medicinal herbs with pharmacologically active compounds to have synergistic and/or additive effects, or to reduce harmful effects of some pharmacologically active compounds. In particular, the active compounds with Clog P around 2 are suitable for passive transport across membranes and accessible to the target sites. Thus, Elumo and Clog P values are good indicators among the calculated parameters. Seven different physicochemical parameters (MW, Clog P, CMR, μ, Ehomo, Elumo and Hf) and four major biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral/antitumor and immunomodulating) are discussed in this review. It is hoped that the discussion may provide some leads in the development of new hepatoprotective drugs.

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A survey of Chinese herbal ingredients with liver protection activities

U¨ber die monoterpenglucoside und verwandte naturstoffe—XIX

Three secoiridoid glucosides from Ligustrum japonicum

Furoquinolines. XIV: Occurrence of Dictamnine in Boenninghausenia albiflora MEISSNER var. japonica S. SUZUKI@@@マツカゼソウ中のジクタムニンの存在について

Components of the Fruit of Liqustrum japonicum Thunb

フロキノリン類 (第13報):ヘンルーダ果皮のアルカロイド

Components of the Fruit of Skimmia repens Nakai

Furoquinolines. II. : Catalytic Reduction of Skimmianine (Addendum).

Toshio Miyazaki

Papers

Furoquinolines. XIV: Occurrence of Dictamnine in Boenninghausenia albiflora MEISSNER var. japonica S. SUZUKI@@@マツカゼソウ中のジクタムニンの存在について

Components of the Fruit of Liqustrum japonicum Thunb

フロキノリン類 (第13報):ヘンルーダ果皮のアルカロイド

Components of the Fruit of Skimmia repens Nakai

Furoquinolines. II. : Catalytic Reduction of Skimmianine (Addendum).