Phthalides and Phthalans: Synthetic Methodologies and Their Applications in the Total Synthesis

This review considers the occurrence and biological activity of phthalates. The analytical procedures and problems have been reviewed by Fishbein and Albro (1972). Source documents of especial value were the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Symposium (third issue of Environmental Health Perspectives, January 1973), Society of Plastic Engineers Symposium (March 1973), and the Toxicology Information Response Center Report (Autian 1972 and 1973). Many articles in Russian and other eastern European languages have been obtained through the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Exchange Program under the sponsorship of the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences; these articles are considered in more detail as they are not readily available to many scientists

Phthalate esters: Occurrence and biological effects

A systematic review on the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong)

The analysis of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui).

Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuan-Xiong, CX), the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), is one of the most popular plant medicines in the World. Modern research indicates that organic acids, phthalides, alkaloids, polysaccharides, ceramides and cerebrosides are main components responsible for the bioactivities and properties of CX. Because of its complex constituents, multidisciplinary techniques are needed to validate the analytical methods that support CX's use worldwide. In the past two decades, rapid development of technology has advanced many aspects of CX research. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the chemical analysis and biological activities of CX, and to highlight new applications and challenges. Emphasis is placed on recent trends and emerging techniques.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/9/10614/pdf

Advances in the Chemical Analysis and Biological Activities of Chuanxiong

The distribution of alkylphthalides in the roots of Ligusticum acutilobum SIEB. et Zucc., Ligusticum acutiloba var. sugiyamae HIKINO, Cnidium officinale MAKINO, Apium graveolens L., Levisticum officinale KOCH, and Angelica anomale LALIEMENT have been surveyed. From the roots of Angelica anomale no alkylphthalides could be found. The results are summarized in Table II.

Studies on the constituents of umbelliferae plants. viii. distribution of alkylphthalides in umbelliferae plants.

Isolation of active principles in the ligusticum root (Hokkai-Toki) was attempted. Anticholinergic principles were traced by the Magnus method with rat intestine. Ligustilide, which is a new and the most active constituent was isolated. It is an isomer of butylphthalide. It was marked bluish fluorescence and decomposes rapidly on exposure to air.

Studies on the Constituents of Umbelliferae Plants. II. Isolation of the Active Principles of Ligusticum Root

The structure of ligustilide was discussed upon the fact that sedanonic acid, 3-butyl-phthalide, and 2-valerylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid were obtained by catalytic hydrogenation. Tentative structures were proposed on the basis of available data. The position of double bonds, however, remains to be determined.

Toshio Muramatsu

Papers

Studies on the constituents of umbelliferae plants. viii. distribution of alkylphthalides in umbelliferae plants.

Studies on the Constituents of Umbelliferae Plants. II. Isolation of the Active Principles of Ligusticum Root

Studies on the Constituents of Umbelliferae Plants. III. Structure of Ligustilide.

Isolation of Myristicin from Ligusticum scoticum . L