Chemosystematics is a common tool in systematics and taxonomy of extant plants. Terpenoids have been found to be especially valuable for chemosystematic investigations of conifers. A review of data in the extensive literature revealed some characteristic distribution patterns of sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids in extant conifer families. The numerous terpenoids can be assigned to approximately 40 sesquiterpenoid, 17 diterpenoid, and only a few triterpenoid structural classes. Some of these terpenoid classes (e.g., cadinanes, humulanes, labdanes, pimaranes) are unspecific and distributed among all conifers. Other structural classes occur in certain clusters of families (e.g., totaranes in Podocarpaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae s.str.) or were restricted to species of only one conifer family (e.g., cuparanes in Cupressaceae s.str.).

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4354389.pdf

Sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids as chemosystematic markers in extant conifers—A review

The object of this review is the genus Proteus, which contains bacteria considered now to belong to the opportunistic pathogens. Widely distributed in nature (in soil, water, and sewage), Proteus species play a significant ecological role. When present in the niches of higher macroorganisms, these species are able to evoke pathological events in different regions of the human body. The invaders (Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, and P. penneri) have numerous factors including fimbriae, flagella, outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharide, capsule antigen, urease, immunoglobulin A proteases, hemolysins, amino acid deaminases, and, finally, the most characteristic attribute of Proteus, swarming growth, enabling them to colonize and survive in higher organisms. All these features and factors are described and commented on in detail. The questions important for future investigation of these facultatively pathogenic microorganisms are also discussed.

Potential virulence factors of Proteus bacilli.

Aminoalkyl glucosamine phosphate compounds that are adjuvants and immunoeffectors are described and claimed. The compounds have a 2-deoxy-2-amino glucose in glycosidic linkage with an aminoalkyl (aglycon) group. Compounds are phosphorylated at the 4 or 6 carbon on the glucosamine ring and comprise three 3-alkanoyloxyalkanoyl residues. The compounds augment antibody production in immunized animals as well as stimulate cytokine production and activate macrophages. Methods for using the compounds as adjuvants and immunoeffectors are also disclosed.

Aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphate compounds and their use as adjuvants and immunoeffectors

/pdf/sasakian-ph-symmetric-spaces-dc1v1ytcbu.pdf

SASAKIAN φ -SYMMETRIC SPACES

The innate host response system is composed of various mechanisms designed to detect and facilitate host responses to microbial components, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). To enable this to occur, innate systems contain multiple pattern recognition receptors (i.e., LBP, CD14, and TLRs), which identify certain features within bacterial LPS that are foreign to the host, as well as essential and uniquely specific for bacteria. Innate host identification of unique bacterial components or patterns, therefore, relies on the inability of bacteria to alter these essential or critical components dramatically. Historically, LPS have been viewed as essential outer-membrane molecules containing both a highly variable outer region (O-segment) as well as a relatively conserved inner region (lipid A). However, over the last decade, new evidence has emerged, revealing that increased natural diversity or heterogeneity within specific components of LPS, such as lipid A-resulting in minor to moderate changes in lipid A structure-can produce dramatic host responses. Therefore, examples of natural lipid A heterogeneity, and the mechanisms that control it, represent a novel approach in which bacteria modulate host responses and may thereby confer specific advantages to certain bacterial species under changing environmental host conditions.

Lipopolysaccharide Heterogeneity: Innate Host Responses to Bacterial Modification of Lipid A Structure

A fungicidal composition for agricultural use, which comprises a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R 1 and R 2 are each hydrogen, lower alkyl or cyclo(lower)alkyl; R 3 is lower alkyl or cyclo(lower)alkyl; R 4 and R 5 are each hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen-substituted lower alkyl, lower alkyl-substituted silyl, halogen or nitro; A represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a halogen-substituted unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a phenyl group or a heterocyclic group, among which the phenyl group and the heterocyclic group may be optionally substituted with not more than three substituents; and Z is --CH 2 --, --CH(OH)--, --CO--, --O--, --S--, --NR-- (R being hydrogen or lower alkyl), --CH 2 CH 2 --, --CH═CH--, ##STR2## --CH 2 O--, --CH 2 S--, --CH 2 SO--, --OCH 2 --, --SCH 2 -- or --SOCH 2 --.

Alkoxyiminoacetamide derivatives and their use as fungicides

Introduction. Sasakian manifold with Riemannian metric is defined by S. Sasaki [5]. In this paper, we want to define Sasakian manifold with pseudo-Riemannian metric, and discuss the classification of Sasakian manifolds. In section 1, we define a Sasakian manifold (with pseudo-Riemannian metric). In section 2, we define the model spaces of Sasakian manifolds which are used in section 4 for the classification of Sasakian manifolds of constant φ-sectional curvatures. In section 3, we discuss Z)-homothetic deformation which is defined by S. Tanno [9], and prove some fundamental lemmas concerning completeness of the deformed metric. In section 5, we prove that a Sasakian manifold, satisfying R(X, Y) R = 0 for all tangent vectors X and Y, is of constant curvature. In section 6, we discuss a Sasakian manifold M^ which is properly and isometrically immersed in £f.

/pdf/sasakian-manifold-with-pseudo-riemannian-metric-226g7fjl21.pdf

Sasakian manifold with pseudo-Riemannian metric

Terpenes of leaf oils from Cupressaceae

Diterpenes of the ferruginol type from Chamaecyparis pisifera

New development of a common glucosamine disaccharide intermediate with chemically differentiated two amino and six hydroxyl groups for lipid a syntheses and a formal synthesis of Salmonella mutant lipid A.

Toshio Takahashi

Papers

Alkoxyiminoacetamide derivatives and their use as fungicides

Sasakian manifold with pseudo-Riemannian metric

Terpenes of leaf oils from Cupressaceae

Diterpenes of the ferruginol type from Chamaecyparis pisifera

New development of a common glucosamine disaccharide intermediate with chemically differentiated two amino and six hydroxyl groups for lipid a syntheses and a formal synthesis of Salmonella mutant lipid A.