Antimicrobial compositions (e.g. gels), comprising at least 30 % alcohol and/or triclosan in combination with phenoxyethanol, benzalkonium or benzethonium chloride, cocophosphatidyl-dimoniun chloride and plant extracts (preferably selected from curcuma longa, croccus sativus (saffron), alkanna tinctoria (henna root) and hydrastis canadensis (golden seal), for disinfecting skin. Treating skin inflammations and bacterial infections such as acne, pseudofolliculitis, local redness and local odor with these compositions.

Therapeutic antimicrobial compositions

A method for site-specific in-vivo activation of a prodrug in an animal using an activator-targeting moiety conjugate to localize an activator at a predetermined site of use and a prodrug compound that is converted to an active drug in the presence of the activator. In the preferred embodiment, the targeting moiety, the activator, and the prodrug demonstrate little or no immunogenicity in the animal being treated. The targeting moiety is relatively specific for binding to the target tissue than to non-target tissue. The activator is not found or present in only small amounts in circulation or in non-target tissue, does not have a substrate for its activity in circulation or in non-target tissue, can be linked to the targeting moiety, and is capable of converting the prodrug to an active drug. The prodrug is selected for its ability to exert a cytotoxic activity on the target tissue after conversion by the activator.

Site-specific in vivo activation of therapeutic drugs.

Materials comprised of linked, repeat units of beta glucosamine, having a molecular weight in the range of 400 to 10,000 are highly effective in controlling fungus infestation in agricultural crops, both pre-harvest and post-harvest. The antifungal material is preferably combined with a midly acidific solvent to produce a composition having a slightly acidic, or near neutral pH. When the antifungal material is combined with a chitosan matrix, a synergistic interaction occurs which greatly enhances the effect of the resultant composition. Also disclosed is a method for producing a chitin or chitosan based material which will dissolve in water having a neutral pH.

Composition and method for controlling fungal disease in plants

The present invention provides antimicrobial compositions containing high levels of alcohol, carbomer polymers and antimicrobial agents. The present invention provides stable, high viscosity antimicrobial formulations possessing cosmetic characteristics.

Alcohol based anti-microbial compositions with cosmetic appearance

A dry towel or wipe comprising an absorbent paper substrate which is uniformly coated and dried with an antimicrobial formulation comprising a volatile liquid, an active antimicrobial agent, a water soluble polymer, a polyalkylene glycol an emollient and water. The treated towel is useful in providing antimicrobial effectiveness for drying skin in preparation for surgical procedures without irritating or drying the skin.

Antimicrobial drying substrate

Tetra-N-acetyl-chitotetraose, penta-N-acetylchitopentaose and hexa-N-acetyl-chitohexaose, ones of the water-soluble chitin-oligomers, may be obtained in improved yields, when finely ground chitin is quickly and intimately mixed with a concentrated hydrohalogenic acid containing a particular proportion of the hydrogen halide per a unit quantity of the chitin under the irradiation with ultrasonic waves and also under the agitation by mechanical stirrer, followed by hydrolyzing the chitin in the resulting homogeneous mixture comprising the chitin and the concentrated hydrohalogenic acid while said homogeneous mixture is further continuously irradiated with the ultrasonic waves and also agitated by the mechanical stirrer. From the aqueous phase of the hydrolyzed reaction mixture are recovered the desired water-soluble chitin-oligomers which are each useful as an immunopotentiating, antitumor agent or antifungal, antibacterial agent.

Production of water-soluble chitin-oligomers by partial hydrolysis of chitin

A chitin oligomer of formula (I) (where n= 2, 3 or 4) is prepd. by mixing finely ground chitin with conc. hydrohalogenic acid (contg. 1.5-6 mole hydrogen halide por 100g chitin) under ultrasonic irradiation and stirring. As chitin oligomer eg. tetra-N- acetylchitotetraose where n is 2, penta-N- acetylchitopentaose where n is 3, or hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose where n is 4 is pref. Pref. the halogenic acid is of 10-12N concn., the reaction temp. is pref. 35-40≰C and the frequency of the ultrasonic radiation is pref. 10-200 KHz. The chitin oligomer is useful as immunopotentiators, antitumour, antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Process for the preparation of water-suluble chitin-olgomers by partial hydrolysis of chitin

PURPOSE:To efficiently obtain the titled oligomer useful for an anti-infective and antitumor agent in high yield, by using a hydrohalogenic acid as a mineral acid used in hydrolysis of chitin and conducting the hydrolysis reaction under supersonic wave action. CONSTITUTION:First, a hydrohalogenic acid such as hydrochloric acid in an amount of 1.5-6mol, preferably 2-5mol, in terms of mol number of hydrogen halide based on 100g chitin is used as a mineral acid to be used in hydrolysis of the chitin. The after the chitin is hydrolyzed in the hydrohalogenic acid under supersonic wave action, the reaction mixture is usually subjected to neutralization and desalting successively to obtain the aimed oligomer expressed by the formula (n is integer of 0-5) higher containing ones of n of 2-4. The hydrolysis reaction is preferably carried out at 20-35 deg.C and as for the concentration of hydrogen halide acid to be used, the higher the better.

Toyofumi Yamada

Papers

Production of water-soluble chitin-oligomers by partial hydrolysis of chitin

Process for the preparation of water-suluble chitin-olgomers by partial hydrolysis of chitin

Production of chitin oligomer