The measurement of meaning

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31047/01444179.pdf

Fundamentals of acoustics

Introduction - body and city: the passive body the plan of the book a personal note. Part 1 Powers of the voice and eye: nakedness - the citizen's body in Perikles' Athens the cloak of darkness - the protections of ritual in Athens the obsessive image - place and time in Hadrian's Rome time in the body - early Christians in Rome. Part 2 Movements of the heart: comunity - the Paris of Jehan de Chelles \"each man is a devil to himself\" - the paris of Humbert de Romans fear of touching - the Jewish ghetto in Renaissance Venice. Part 3 Arteries and veins: moving bodies - Harvey's revolution the body set free - Boullee's Paris urban individualism - E.M. Forster's London. Conclusion: civic bodies - multi-cultural New York.

Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization.

In a conventional single-exposure photograph, moving objects or moving cameras cause motion blur. The exposure time defines a temporal box filter that smears the moving object across the image by convolution. This box filter destroys important high-frequency spatial details so that deblurring via deconvolution becomes an ill-posed problem.Rather than leaving the shutter open for the entire exposure duration, we "flutter" the camera's shutter open and closed during the chosen exposure time with a binary pseudo-random sequence. The flutter changes the box filter to a broad-band filter that preserves high-frequency spatial details in the blurred image and the corresponding deconvolution becomes a well-posed problem. We demonstrate that manually-specified point spread functions are sufficient for several challenging cases of motion-blur removal including extremely large motions, textured backgrounds and partial occluders.

/pdf/coded-exposure-photography-motion-deblurring-using-fluttered-2munyjrk56.pdf

Coded exposure photography: motion deblurring using fluttered shutter

Audio pattern recognition is an important research topic in the machine learning area, and includes several tasks such as audio tagging, acoustic scene classification, music classification, speech emotion classification and sound event detection. Recently, neural networks have been applied to tackle audio pattern recognition problems. However, previous systems are built on specific datasets with limited durations. Recently, in computer vision and natural language processing, systems pretrained on large-scale datasets have generalized well to several tasks. However, there is limited research on pretraining systems on large-scale datasets for audio pattern recognition. In this paper, we propose pretrained audio neural networks (PANNs) trained on the large-scale AudioSet dataset. These PANNs are transferred to other audio related tasks. We investigate the performance and computational complexity of PANNs modeled by a variety of convolutional neural networks. We propose an architecture called Wavegram-Logmel-CNN using both log-mel spectrogram and waveform as input feature. Our best PANN system achieves a state-of-the-art mean average precision (mAP) of 0.439 on AudioSet tagging, outperforming the best previous system of 0.392. We transfer PANNs to six audio pattern recognition tasks, and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in several of those tasks. We have released the source code and pretrained models of PANNs: https://github.com/qiuqiangkong/audioset_tagging_cnn .

PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognition

Absorbers and diffusers are two of the main design tools for altering the acoustic conditions of rooms, semi-enclosed spaces and the outdoor environment. Their correct use is important for delivering high quality acoustics. 
Unique and authoritative, this book decribes how to effectively measure, model, design and apply diffusers and absorbers. It is a resource for new and experienced acousticians, seeking an understanding of the evolution, characteristics and application of modern diffusers. Absorption is a more established technology and so the book blends traditional designs with modern developments. The book covers practical and theoretical aspects of absorbers and diffusers and is well illustrated with examples of installations and case studies. 
This new edition brings Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusers up-to-date with current research, practice and standards. New developments in measurement, materials, theory and practice since the first edition (published in 2004) are included. The sections on absorbers are extended to include more about noise control.

Acoustic absorbers and diffusers: theory, design and application

Absorbers and diffusers are two of the main design tools for altering the acoustic conditions of rooms, semi-enclosed spaces and the outdoor environment. Their correct use is important for delivering high quality acoustics. \nUnique and authoritative, this book decribes how to effectively measure, model, design and apply diffusers and absorbers. It is a resource for new and experienced acousticians, seeking an understanding of the evolution, characteristics and application of modern diffusers. Absorption is a more established technology and so the book blends traditional designs with modern developments. The book covers practical and theoretical aspects of absorbers and diffusers and is well illustrated with examples of installations and case studies. \nThis new edition brings Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusers up-to-date with current research, practice and standards. New developments in measurement, materials, theory and practice since the first edition (published in 2004) are included. The sections on absorbers are extended to include more about noise control.

Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusers, Theory, design and application

Acoustic absorbers and diffusers , Acoustic absorbers and diffusers , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

http://centlib.ajums.ac.ir//multiMediaFile/58591836-4-1.pdf

Acoustic absorbers and diffusers

This paper introduces regulatory components influencing city soundscapes in Europe and the UK, illustrating the abatement approach taken within noise policy, demonstrating the importance of individual experience in assessing the soundscapes of urban environments and identifying a terminology to facilitate an introduction of soundscapes into the planning process. Drawing on work from soundscape ecology, a way is demonstrated to coalesce these divergent positions. Reviewing interviews undertaken in Clerkenwell, the paper demonstrates that it is not simply noise levels that are important to people in an urban area. Context, source, distance, temporariness and control over noise, are all relevant to whether people would want to see a particular sound eliminated from their soundscape. Using Schafer's terminology 'keynote sounds', 'soundmarks' and 'sound signals', a rationale is proposed through which experienced soundscapes may be articulated, challenging the strategy of noise abatement which could produce a conformity of soundscape that homogenises place and dissolves local uniqueness.
This paper arises from research undertaken as part of the EPSRC project ‘Vivacity 2020: urban sustainability for the 24 hour city’ GR/S18380/01(P).

Sustainable Soundscapes: Noise Policy and the Urban Experience

The sensitivity of listeners to small changes in the early sound field of auditoria has been measured. This was done using a realistic artificial simulation system of a concert ball sound field. The simulation system was designed so that standard objective parameter values were typical of those found in real halls, and within ranges known to be subjectively preferred. The following difference limens were measured: early lateral energy fraction; inter-aural cross correlation coefficient; clarity index and centre time. From these results it was shown that when changes are made to the early sound field, changes in perceived spatial impression will usually be larger than those for clarity. Furthermore it was found that acousticians can gain most by paying attention to lateral sound. Other measurements showed that: (i) the initial time delay gap is not significant to listener preference, and (ii) diffuse reflections in the early sound field are not perceived differently from specular reflections.

Trevor J. Cox

Papers

Acoustic absorbers and diffusers: theory, design and application

Acoustic Absorbers and Diffusers, Theory, design and application

Acoustic absorbers and diffusers

Sustainable Soundscapes: Noise Policy and the Urban Experience

The sensitivity of listeners to early sound field changes in auditoriums