A comprehensive database on physical properties of ionic liquids (ILs), which was collected from 109 kinds of literature sources in the period from 1984 through 2004, has been presented. There are 1680 pieces of data on the physical properties for 588 available ILs, from which 276 kinds of cations and 55 kinds of anions were extracted. In terms of the collected database, the structure-property relationship was evaluated. The correlation of melting points of two most common systems, disubstituted imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and disubstituted imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, was carried out using a quantitative structure-property relationship method.

Physical Properties of Ionic Liquids: Database and Evaluation

Sustainable technologies applied to energy-related applications should develop a pivotal role in the next decades. In particular, carbon dioxide capture from flue gases emitted by fossil-fueled power plants should play a pivotal role in controlling and reducing the greenhouse effect. Therefore, the development of new materials for carbon capture purposes has merged as central research line, for which many alternatives have been proposed. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as one of the most promising choices for carbon capture, but in spite of their promising properties, some serious drawbacks have also appeared. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently been considered as alternatives to ILs that maintain most of their relevant properties, such as task-specific character, and at the same time avoid some of their problems, mainly from economic and environmental viewpoints. DES production from low-cost and natural sources, together with their almost null toxicity and total biodegradability, makes these sol...

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Physicochemical Properties and Gas Separation Applications

Ionic liquids (ILs), considered to be a relatively recent magical chemical due their unique properties, have a large variety of applications in all areas of the chemical industries. The areas of application include electrolyte in batteries, lubricants, plasticizers, solvents and catalysis in synthesis, matrices for mass spectroscopy, solvents to manufacture nano-materials, extraction, gas absorption agents, etc. Non-volatility and non-flammability are their common characteristics giving them an advantageous edge in various applications. This common advantage, when considered with the possibility of tuning the chemical and physical properties of ILs by changing anion–cation combination is a great opportunity to obtain task-specific ILs for a multitude of specific applications. There are numerous studies in the related literature concerning the unique properties, preparation methods, and different applications of ILs in the literature. In this review, a general description of ILs and historical background are given; basic properties of ILs such as solvent properties, polarity, toxicology, air and moisture stability are discussed; structure of ILs, cation, anion types and synthesis methods in the related literature are briefly summarized. However, the main focus of this paper is how ILs may be used in the chemicals processing industries. Thus, the main application areas are searched and the basic applications such as solvent replacement, purification of gases, homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, biological reactions media and removal of metal ions are discussed in detail. Not only the advantages of ILs but also the essential challenges and potentials for using ILs in the chemical industries are also addressed. ILs have become the partner of scCO 2 in many applications and most of the reported studies in the literature focus on the interaction of these two green solvents, i.e. ILs and scCO 2 . The chemistry of the ILs has been reviewed in numerous papers earlier. Therefore, the major purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview for the specific chemical and physical properties of ILs and to investigate IL–scCO 2 systems in some detail. Recovery of solutes from ILs with CO 2 , separation of ILs from organic solvents by CO 2 , high-pressure phase behavior of IL–scCO 2 systems, solubility of ILs in CO 2 phase, and the interaction of the IL–scCO 2 system at molecular level are also included.

A review of ionic liquids towards supercritical fluid applications

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) represent a new and special class of metal organic frameworks comprised of imidazolate linkers and metal ions, with structures similar to conventional aluminosilicate zeolites Their intrinsic porous characteristics, abundant functionalities as well as exceptional thermal and chemical stabilities have led to a wide range of potential applications for various ZIF materials Explosive research activities ranging from synthesis approaches to attractive applications of ZIFs have emerged in this rapidly developing field in the past 5 years In this review, the development and recent progress towards different synthesis strategies to generate both powder and membrane/film-based ZIF materials are analysed and summarised Their attractive and potential applications in gas separation, catalysis, sensing and electronic devices, and drug delivery in the past years are discussed and reviewed In addition, the prospects and potential new development of ZIF materials are presented

Zeolitic imidazolate framework materials: recent progress in synthesis and applications

2.5. Ionic Liquids Presented in This Review 2020 3. Cyclocondensation Reactions 2020 4. Synthesis of Three-Membered Heterocycles 2022 4.1. Aziridines 2022 5. Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles 2022 5.1. Pyrroles 2022 5.2. Furans 2022 5.3. Thiophenes 2023 5.4. Pyrazoles 2024 5.5. Imidazoles 2025 5.6. Isoxazoles 2027 5.7. Oxazoles, Oxazolines, and Oxazolidinones 2027 5.8. Thiazoles and Thiazolidinones 2028 6. Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles 2030 6.1. Pyridines 2030 6.2. Quinolines 2031 6.3. Acridines 2033 6.4. Pyrans 2033 6.5. Flavones 2035 6.6. Pyrimidines and Pyrimidinones 2035 6.7. Quinazolines 2037 6.8. -Carbolines 2038 6.9. Dioxanes 2039 6.10. Oxazines 2039 6.11. Benzothiazines 2040 6.12. Triazines 2040 7. Synthesis of Seven-Membered Heterocycles: Diazepines 2041

Ionic liquids in heterocyclic synthesis.

Ternary liquid–liquid equilibria for mixtures of 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium chloride + benzene + an alkane at T=298.2 K and 1 atm

Ionic liquids, with their very low vapor pressures and unique solvent properties, are potentially useful solvents for separating organic liquid mixtures by solvent extraction or by extractive distillation. In this work, the activity coefficients at infinite dilution, , for both polar and nonpolar solutes in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate have been determined by gas−liquid chromatography at the temperatures (298.15, 313.15, 323.15) K. The partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution and the selectivity values were calculated from the values obtained over the temperature range. The selectivity values have been determined and are used to predict the solvent potential of the ionic liquid for the separation of liquid mixtures by extractive distillation.

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate from gas-liquid chromatography

Thermodynamics of some binary liquid mixtures containing aliphatic amines

The liquid−liquid equilibria data for the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium diethylenglycol monomethyl ether sulfate was investigated at T = 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure to determine their potential as solvents for extracting an aromatic compound from alkanes. The cloud point method was used to determine the binodal curve data. The effects of the increase in chain length of the alkane for the ternary mixtures [an ionic liquid + an aromatic compound + an alkane] are discussed. The liquid−liquid equilibria data obtained were also used to calculate the selectivity values.

Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for Ternary Mixtures (an Ionic Liquid + Benzene + Heptane or Hexadecane) at T = 298.2 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Activity coefficients of hydrocarbon solutes at infinite dilution in the ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium chloride from gas–liquid chromatography

Trevor M. Letcher

Papers

Ternary liquid–liquid equilibria for mixtures of 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium chloride + benzene + an alkane at T=298.2 K and 1 atm

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate from gas-liquid chromatography

Thermodynamics of some binary liquid mixtures containing aliphatic amines

Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for Ternary Mixtures (an Ionic Liquid + Benzene + Heptane or Hexadecane) at T = 298.2 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Activity coefficients of hydrocarbon solutes at infinite dilution in the ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium chloride from gas–liquid chromatography