Multimedia security is extremely significant concern for the internet technology because of the ease of the duplication, distribution and manipulation of the multimedia data. The digital watermarking is a field of information hiding which hide the crucial information in the original data for protection illegal duplication and distribution of multimedia data. This paper presents a survey on the existing digital image watermarking techniques. The results of various digital image watermarking techniques have been compared on the basis of outputs. In the digital watermarking the secret information are implanted into the original data for protecting the ownership rights of the multimedia data. The image watermarking techniques may divide on the basis of domain like spatial domain or transform domain or on the basis of wavelets. The spatial domain techniques directly work on the pixels and the frequency domain works on the transform coefficients of the image. This survey elaborates the most important methods of spatial domain and transform domain and focuses the merits and demerits of these techniques.

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A Survey: Digital Image Watermarking Techniques

In this paper, a novel robust color image watermarking method based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is proposed. In this method, RGB cover image is divided into red, green and blue components. DCT and DWT are applied to each color components. Grayscale watermark image is scrambled by using Arnold transform. DCT is performed to the scrambled watermark image. Transformed watermark image is then divided into equal smaller parts. DCT coefficients of each watermark parts are embedded into four DWT bands of the color components of the cover image. The robustness of the proposed color image watermarking has been demonstrated by applying various image processing operations such as rotating, resizing, filtering, jpeg compression, and noise adding to the watermarked images. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to the linear and nonlinear attacks and the transparency of the watermarked images has been protected.

A novel hybrid DCT and DWT based robust watermarking algorithm for color images

Watermarking is an important technique for protecting sensitive e-multimedia data and intellectual property. Watermarking techniques are used for many applications such as ownership protection, which is a popular area of research as compared to others such as authentication and local temper localization. There are many image watermarking schemes that have been recently published based on the frequency domain as it can fulfill watermarking requirements such as high robustness and imperceptibility. Singular-value decomposition (SVD) is one of them and is used in many frequency transform-based image watermarking schemes due to its stability and mathematical simplicity. However, there are many schemes that lack robustness against malicious cyberattacks, whereby the watermarks are easy to detect and destroy. Consequently, the proposed watermarking schemes became more complicated and cannot resist various geometric and non-geometric attacks. Thus, there are many existing hybrid SVD-based image watermarking schemes found be insecure. As there is also a lack of in-depth reviews in this domain, the focus of this paper is the analysis of the state-of-the-art in hybrid SVD-based image watermarking. We perform efficiency comparisons to highlight various security problems, open issues, and research gaps. Based on our findings, we additionally provide some recommendations for the development of more robust schemes in the future. This paper provides essential information for researchers and practitioners alike to advance the field of image watermarking.

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Hybrid SVD-Based Image Watermarking Schemes: A Review

Experimental Studies of LSB Watermarking with Different Noise

Summary Nowadays, with the rapid growth of technologies and the prevalence of network communication, new challenges raises to protect the multimedia data transmission on the World Wide Web (internet). Data security is one of the main important needs these days, especially in the field of remote sensing. Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST) as an example provides a satellite images captured by DubaiSat-1 satellite to customers inside the UAE including government agencies, universities, research centers, and distributed also outside the region. To deal with the issue of data security, the concept of watermarking has been introduced. The idea of watermarking is to embed a secret message, watermark inside an image and to increase the digital data security. The aim of this study is to hide an entire pattern as a watermark such as an organization’s logo (or trademark) directly into the original DubaiSat-1 satellite image. This will prevent any unauthorized manipulation to the image data. This secret watermark is used for copyright protection and ownership authentication for (EIAST). This study will be based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to provide an excellent protection and highly robust under flipping, noise, resize and rotation attacks.

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Robust Watermarking Technique based on DCT to Protect the Ownership of DubaiSat-1 Images against Attacks

The need for displaying one„s own multimedia content on the internet is increasing day by day. With the exponential growth of internet and high speed networks operating through out the world it‟s a challenging task to protect copyright of an individual‟s creation. Digital watermarking provides a viable solution to protect copyright and authenticate the ownership of an intellectual property. In this paper we propose a new DCT based additive watermarking scheme which provides higher resistance to image processing attacks mainly JPEG compression. In our approach the watermark is embedded in the mid frequency band of the DCT blocks only in the sub band which is carrying low frequency components and the high frequency sub band components remain untouched. General Terms Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Image watermarking, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), JPEG Quality Factor (Q), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)

/pdf/an-improved-and-robust-dct-based-digital-image-watermarking-3cm9nlm2bh.pdf

An Improved and Robust DCT Based Digital Image Watermarking Scheme

A huge cloud data center makes it possible to offer computing as a utility to customers. However, the main challenge is to fulfill the customer’s dynamic workload requirement seamlessly. Additionally, cloud data center consumes an enormous amount of power due to improper scheduling of virtual machines over the physical machines, which lead to inefficient usage of heterogeneous computing resources. So, to minimize energy consumption in the cloud data center, virtual machines should be scheduled in an energy-efficient way. In this paper, an Artificial Immune System based Virtual Machine Scheduling using Modified Clonal Selection Algorithm (VMS-MCSA) is proposed to schedule virtual machines energy efficiently. The classical Clonal Selection Algorithm(CSA) operators are modified such that they can be applied to the discrete optimization dynamic virtual machine scheduling problem. The randomized mutation operator is proposed, which reschedule VMs at each scheduling interval to handle the dynamicity of workload with minimum virtual machine migrations. Additionally, the VM-consolidation model was proposed for constraint-based virtual machine migration. The proposed VMS-MCSA algorithm is implemented on a cloudsim simulator, and the results show that the VM scheduling using VMS-MCSA is energy-efficient compared to other recent approaches.

VMS-MCSA: virtual machine scheduling using modified clonal selection algorithm

Revolution in digital multimedia has posted a number of problems related to the ownership of the multimedia & its authentication. The need for copy right protection has given an opportunity for the evolution of watermarking techniques. Digital watermarking is usually used as a tool or as a system which embeds the owner information on to the multimedia content such that whenever there is a dispute, the ownership can be determined. Primarily it is used for content protection, content authentication, content management and temper detection. In this paper we present detailed survey of existing audio watermarking techniques based on the different domains in which secret data is embedded along with the perceptual quality measures, applications and requirements. Future objectives are also discussed.

http://www.aicit.org/jdcta/ppl/JDCTA_July-38.pdf

Audio Watermarking: Current State of Art and Future Objectives

In this paper, two blind digital audio watermarking technique are proposed according to the payload requirement which uses discrete cosine transform (DCT). In our method the watermark is embedded into the selected mid band coefficients of the DCT transformed audio. The selected coefficients are middle band DCT coefficients which are modified and quantized through the average energy of the selected sub frame for watermark embedding. The mid band frequency components are selected through experiments such that the effect of mp3 compression and the common signal processing operation has a minimum effect on these coefficients. Original audio will not be required for extraction of the watermark. To adapt to the mp3 attack a preprocessing step is embedded which did an mp3 conversion of the audio and convert again the audio to the original format prior to embedding. Also embedding is done on the selected blocks which satisfies minimum energy threshold. Experiments show that our scheme produces imperceptible audios and the watermarked audio is robust against common signal processing attacks.

A digital audio watermarking scheme using selective mid band DCT coefficients and energy threshold

This article surveys various conference management systems used for managing conferences which are being held worldwide. Each system possesses some common functionality and some functionality which present that particular system. The external interaction specification techniques are further subdivided into techniques for the specification of functions, behavior, and communication. After surveying the systems, we summarize the way their functionalities are used. We have surveyed EDAS, Confious, OpenConf, ConfTool and PaperDyne under the following heads : 1)System 2) Conferences 3) TPC 4) Reviewers 5) Papers 6) Reports and 7)Notifications.

https://www.ijcaonline.org/volume2/number2/pxc387875.pdf

Tribhuwan Kumar Tewari

Papers

An Improved and Robust DCT Based Digital Image Watermarking Scheme

VMS-MCSA: virtual machine scheduling using modified clonal selection algorithm

Audio Watermarking: Current State of Art and Future Objectives

A digital audio watermarking scheme using selective mid band DCT coefficients and energy threshold

Survey of Conference Management Systems