Hydrogen sensors based on noble metal doped metal-oxide semiconductor: A review

Detection of toxic and explosive gases in a selective manner and with higher sensitivity in industries and homes remains very challenging. Therefore, herein, we report on the ultra-high sensitive and selective hydrogen gas sensing using CeO2-SnO2 mixed oxide heterostructure synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The BET, photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses demonstrated that the CeO2-SnO2 heterostructure comprehends a high surface area and a large number of defects related to oxygen vacancies. The formation of heterojunction in CeO2-SnO2 nanostructures was confirmed by the non-linear behaviour I–V curve. The gas-sensing characteristics of the CeO2-SnO2 heterostructure showed shorter response and recovery times of approximately 17 and 24 s, respectively, together with high sensitivity (19.23 ppm−1) to 40.00 ppm H2 gas at 300 °C. The improved H2 gas sensing response of 1323 at 60 ppm H2 gas is correlated with the higher surface area, pore diameter, surface defects and CeO2-SnO2 heterojunction emerging at the interfaces between the CeO2 and SnO2 serves as additional reaction sites and as well as exposed facets creating the surface to be extremely reactive for the adsorption of oxygen species. The high H2 gas selectivity observed for the CeO2-SnO2 makes them possible candidates for monitoring H2 gas at low concentrations (ppm levels).

Ultra-high sensitive and selective H 2 gas sensor manifested by interface of n–n heterostructure of CeO 2 -SnO 2 nanoparticles

A review of ground-based robotic systems for the characterization of nuclear environments

Hydrogen gas sensing methods, materials, and approach to achieve parts per billion level detection: A review

We fabricated bare and Pd-decorated SnO2 nanowires (NWs) for comparative study of hydrogen sensing. A selective vapor-liquid-solid method was used for fabricating SnO2 NWs and a UV reduction method was used to decorate Pd NPs on the surfaces of the fabricated NWs. Sensing studies showed that decorating the surfaces of SnO2 NWs with a noble metal increased the response to 1 ppm H2 gas from 6.88 to 16.95 at an optimal working temperature of 300 °C. Furthermore, Pd decoration also increased the selectivity. The enhanced sensing properties of the Pd-decorated sensor are related to the Pd NPs’ catalytic effect and the formation of Schottcky junctions. This study demonstrated the possibility of a high performance H2 sensor created by combining metal oxide NWs with a catalyst such as Pd.

Trinh Huu Toan

Papers

Effects of gamma irradiation on hydrogen gas-sensing characteristics of Pd–SnO2 thin film sensors