https://redbook.streamliners.co.nz/MPD_WHO-classification_vardiman_blood2009.pdf

The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes

https://www.medpagetoday.com/upload/2011/4/4/Clin%20Infect%20Dis.-2002-O'Grady-1281-307.pdf

Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections

Naomi P. O'Grady, M.D., Mary Alexander, R.N. Lillian A. Burns, M.T., M.P.H., C.I.C. E. Patchen Dellinger, M.D. Jeffery Garland, M.D., S.M. Stephen O. Heard, M.D. Pamela A. Lipsett, M.D. Henry Masur, M.D. Leonard A. Mermel, D.O., Sc.M. Michele L. Pearson, M.D. Issam I. Raad, M.D. Adrienne Randolph, M.D., M.Sc. Mark E. Rupp, M.D. Sanjay Saint, M.D., M.P.H. and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC).

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-prevention-of-intravascular-catheter-4xarsoczlz.pdf

Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections, 2011

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of infections in both the community and hospital. Worldwide, the increasing resistance of this pathogen to various antibiotics complicates treatment of S aureus infections. Effective measures to prevent S aureus infections are therefore urgently needed. It has been shown that nasal carriers of S aureus have an increased risk of acquiring an infection with this pathogen. The nose is the main ecological niche where S aureus resides in human beings, but the determinants of the carrier state are incompletely understood. Eradication of S aureus from nasal carriers prevents infection in specific patient categories-eg, haemodialysis and general surgery patients. However, recent randomised clinical trials in orthopaedic and non-surgical patients failed to show the efficacy of eliminating S aureus from the nose to prevent subsequent infection. Thus we must elucidate the mechanisms behind S aureus nasal carriage and infection to be able to develop new preventive strategies. We present an overview of the current knowledge of the determinants (both human and bacterial) and risks of S aureus nasal carriage. Studies on the population dynamics of S aureus are also summarised.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473-3099(05)70295-4.pdf

The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Background:Although many catheter-related blood-stream infections (CRBSIs) are preventable, measures to reduce these infections are not uniformly implementedObjective:To update an existing evidenced-based guideline that promotes strategies to prevent CRBSIsData Sources:The MEDLINE database, conference proceedings, and bibliographies of review articles and book chapters were searched for relevant articlesStudies Included:Laboratory-based studies, controlled clinical trials, prospective interventional trials, and epidemiologic investigationsOutcome Measures:Reduction in CRBSI, catheter colonization, or catheter-related infectionSynthesis:The recommended preventive strategies with the strongest supportive evidence are education and training of healthcare providers who insert and maintain catheters; maximal sterile barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion; use of a 2% chlorhexidine preparation for skin antisepsis; no routine replacement of central venous catheters for prevention of infection; and use of antiseptic/antibiotic-impregnated short-term central venous catheters if the rate of infection is high despite adherence to other strategies (ie, education and training, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and 2% chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis)Conclusion:Successful implementation of these evidence-based interventions can reduce the risk for serious catheter-related infection

Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections.

Background. Although obesity has been associated with improved survival on dialysis, its effects on renal transplant outcomes remain unclear. Previous studies have reported conflicting findings and have been limited by the use of outdated patient data, univariate analyses, and liberal transplant selection criteria. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on renal transplant outcomes in a rigorously screened population. Methods. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all patients transplanted at, the Princess Alexandra Hospital from 1 April 1994 to 31 March 2000. Patients were rigorously screened for cardiovascular disease before acceptance for transplantation. The effects of obesity on renal transplant outcomes were assessed by logistic and multivariate Cox regressions. Results. Of the 493 patients transplanted, 59 (12%) were obese (body mass index [BMI]>30 kg/m(2)). Obese patients were more likely to experience superficial wound breakdown (14% vs. 4%, P<0.01) and complete wound dehiscence (3% vs. 0%, P<0.01). Wound infections also tended to be more frequent in obese recipients (15% vs. 8%, P=0.11). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to operative duration, postoperative complications, hospitalization, delayed graft function, or acute rejection episodes. Five-year actuarial survival rates were comparable between the two groups with respect to graft survival (83% vs. 84%, P=NS) and patient survival (91% vs. 91%, P=NS). On multivariate analysis, BMI was an independent risk factor for wound breakdown (odds ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34, P<0.001), but not for other posttransplant complications, hospitalization, graft loss, or patient survival. Conclusions. The only significant adverse effect of obesity on renal transplant outcomes was an increase in wound complications, which were generally of minor consequence. Provided that adequate care is taken to avoid transplanting patients with significant cardiovascular disease, obese recipients can achieve excellent long-term patient and graft survivals that are on par with their nonobese counterparts. Denying patients access to renal transplantation on the basis of obesity per se does not appear to be justified.

The effect of obesity on renal transplant outcomes.

Background. Central venous catheters are frequently needed for the provision of haemodialysis, but their clinical usefulness is severely limited by infectious complications. The risk of such infections can be reduced by topical application of mupirocin to the exit sites of non-cuffed catheters or by the use of tunnelled, cuffed catheters. Whether mupirocin offers any additional protection against infection in patients with tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheters has not been studied.

/pdf/a-randomized-controlled-trial-of-topical-exit-site-mupirocin-sbaz94w8dd.pdf

A randomized controlled trial of topical exit site mupirocin application in patients with tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheters

Neutrophil dysplasia characterised by a pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly occurring with the use of mycophenolate mofetil and ganciclovir following renal transplantation: a report of five cases

Valproate intoxication is a relatively common clinical problem that can result in coma, respiratory depression, pancytopenia, hemodynamic instability and death [Fernandez et al. 1996, Franssen et al. 1999]. The drug's relatively low molecular weight, small volume of distribution and saturable protein-binding render it potentially amenable to extracorporeal removal (hemofiltration, hemodialysis or hemoperfusion), but published experience is scarce. This report describes a woman with a potentially fatal sodium valproate overdose, who did not respond to continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration, but was successfully treated with low-flux hemodialysis. Based on our experience, we recommend hemodialysis for serious valproate intoxication.

Troy D. Kay

Papers

The effect of obesity on renal transplant outcomes.

A randomized controlled trial of topical exit site mupirocin application in patients with tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheters

Neutrophil dysplasia characterised by a pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly occurring with the use of mycophenolate mofetil and ganciclovir following renal transplantation: a report of five cases

Hemodialysis versus continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration in the management of severe valproate overdose.

Severe hypokalaemia secondary to dicloxacillin.