The wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) is considered to be the next evolutionary solution for a simplified and future-proofed access system that can accommodate exponential traffic growth and bandwidth-hungry new applications. WDM-PON mitigates the complicated time-sharing and power budget issues in time-division-multiplexed PON (TDM-PON) by providing virtual point-to-point optical connectivity to multiple end users through a dedicated pair of wavelengths. There are a few hurdles to overcome before WDM-PON sees widespread deployment. Several key enabling technologies for converged WDM-PON systems are demonstrated, including the techniques for longer reach, higher data rate, and higher spectral efficiency. The cost-efficient architectures are designed for single-source systems and resilient protection for traffic restoration. We also develop the integrated schemes with radio-over-fiber (RoF)-based optical-wireless access systems to serve both fixed and mobile users in the converged optical platform.

Key Technologies of WDM-PON for Future Converged Optical Broadband Access Networks [Invited]

Passive optical networks (PONs) are currently evolving into next-generation PONs (NG-PONs) which aim at achieving higher data rates, wavelength channel counts, number of optical network units (ONUs), and extended coverage compared to their conventional counterparts. Due to the increased number of stages and ONUs, NG-PONs face significant challenges to provide the same level of survivability like conventional PONs without exceeding the budget constraints of cost-sensitive access networks. Toward this end, partial optical protection, in combination with interconnecting a subset of ONUs through a wireless mesh network (WMN) front-end, are promising solutions to render NG-PONs survivable in a cost-effective manner. In this paper, we present a probabilistic analysis of the survivability of NG-PONs and hybrid fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks, taking both optical and wireless protection into account. In addition, we propose different selection schemes to wirelessly upgrade a subset of ONUs, and investigate their performance for a wide range of fiber link failure scenarios and different NG-PON topologies.

Survivability Analysis of Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks and Fiber-Wireless Access Networks

Passive optical network (PON) technologies have become an important broadband access technology as a result of the growing demand for bandwidth-hungry video-on-demand applications. Written by the leading researchers and industry experts in the field, this book provides coherent coverage of networking technologies, fiber optic transmission technologies, as well as the electronics involved in PON system development.Features:* An in-depth overview of PON technologies and the potential applications that they enable* Comprehensive review of all major PON standards and architecture evolutions, as well as their pros and cons* Balanced coverage of recent research findings with economic and engineering considerations* Presents system issues of protocols, performance, management and protection* Extensive references to standards and research materials for further studiesThis book provides an authoritative overview of PON technologies and system requirements and is ideal for engineers and managers in industry, university researchers, and graduate students. *Balances treatment of the optical technologies with systems issues such as protocols, performance, management and protection*Covers latest developments in WDM-PONS, protection switching, dynamic bandwidth allocation*Practical coverage with a chapter on PON applications and deployment*Case studies on implementing PONs

Passive Optical Networks: Principles and Practice

Fiber to the home is the future-proof technology for broadband access networks. Several fiber access network architectures have been developed (e.g., point-to-point, active optical network, and passive optical network). PON is considered the most promising solution due to the relatively low deployment cost and high resource efficiency. Meanwhile, because of the growing demand for reliable service delivery, fault management is becoming more significant in all parts of communications networks. However, there is a trade-off between the cost of protection and the level of service reliability. Since economical aspects are most critical in the access part of networks, improving reliability performance by duplication of network resources (and capital expenditures) could be too expensive. Therefore, recent work has focused on PON protection schemes with reduced CAPEX. The future trend will probably migrate toward minimizing operational expenditures during the access network lifetime. The main contributions of this article include providing a general method for CAPEX and OPEX analysis that can be applied to any type of fiber access network with consideration of changed component cost in time and variable take rates, and comparing the total cost (i.e., sum of CAPEX and OPEX) for the selected representative architectures with and without protection for business and residential users in relation to reliability performance. The aim is to give a guideline for the design of the most cost-effective protection schemes, while maintaining acceptable service reliability.

Cost vs. reliability performance study of fiber access network architectures

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Next-Generation FTTH Passive Optical Networks

We propose a novel network architecture for wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks which can provide bidirectional 1:1 protection against any fiber cut between the remote node and the optical network units (ONUs). In case of such fiber cut, the affected ONU can still communicate with the optical line terminal by rerouting the wavelength channels via the adjacent ONU.

Tsan-Kim Chan

Papers

A self-protected architecture for wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks