Soil and mangrove: a review.

Interannual and cyclone-driven variability in phytoplankton communities of a tropical coastal lagoon

This study reports the biodiversity of thermophilic cellulolytic bacterial strains that present in the north Malaysian mangrove ecosystem. Soil samples were collected at the four most northern state of Malaysia (Perak, Pulau Pinang, Kedah and Perlis). The samples obtained were first enriched in nutrient broth at 45°C and 55°C prior culturing in the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar medium. Repeated streaking was performed on the CMC agar to obtain a pure culture of each isolate prior subjecting it to hydrolysis capacity testing. The isolates that showing the cellulolytic zone (halozone) were sent for 16S rRNA sequencing. Total seven isolates (two from Perak, three from Kedah, another two were from Perlis and Penang each) showed halozone. The isolate (KFX-40) from Kedah exhibited highest halozone of 3.42 ± 0.58, meanwhile, the one obtained from Perak (AFZ-0) showed the lowest hydrolysis capacity (2.61 ± 0.10). Based on 16S rRNA sequencing results, 5 isolates (AFY-40, AFZ-0, KFX-40, RFY-20, and PFX-40) were determined to be Anoxybacillus sp. The other two isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis (KFY-40) and Paenibacillus dendritiformis (KFX-0). Based on growth curve, doubling time of Anoxybacillus sp. UniMAP-KB06 was calculated to be 32.3 min. Optimal cellulose hydrolysis temperature and pH of this strain were determined to be 55°C and 6.0 respectively. Addition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ were found to enhance the cellulase activity while Fe3+ acted as an enzyme inhibitor.

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Isolation and Partial Characterisation of Thermophilic Cellulolytic Bacteria from North Malaysian Tropical Mangrove Soil.

A review of bioturbation and sediment organic geochemistry in mangroves

Intertidal mangrove wetlands are of great economic and ecological importance The regular influence of tides has led to the microbial communities in these wetlands differing significantly from those in other habitats In this study, we investigated the microbiomes of the two largest mangrove wetlands in Hainan Island, China, which have different levels of anthropogenic protection Soil samples were collected from the root zone of 13 mangrove species The microbial composition, including key functional groups, was assessed using Illumina sequencing Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the microbiomes between the protected Bamen Bay and the unprotected Dongzhai Bay The overall microbiome was assigned into 78 phyla and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum at both sites In the protected wetland, there were fewer marine-related microbial communities, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria, and more terrestrial-related communities, such as Verrucomicrobia methanotrophs We also observed distinct microbial compositions among the different mangrove species at the protected site Our data suggest that the different microbiomes of the two mangrove wetlands are the result of a complex interaction of the different environmental variables at the two sites

Anthropogenic protection alters the microbiome in intertidal mangrove wetlands in Hainan Island

In the Sundarban Mangrove forest microbial activities are dominantly involved in both the mineralization and decomposition processes that regulate nutrient profile in soil of different depth. It was found that besides changing the water and soil quality, monsoonal cycle plays a crucial role in regulating microbial population distribution in the mangrove soil. Statistical analyses revealed that organic carbon was the most significant factor that regulated the total microbial population. The cellulose degrading bacteria, [mean value of CFU 14.32 × 10 6 (gm dry weight of soil) –1 ] was dominant throughout the year. The sulfate reducing bacteria showed an increasing trend along depth with a minimum value at the surface i.e. 6.113 × 10 6 (gm dry weight of soil) –1 and 12.312 × 10 6 (gm dry weight of soil) –1 at a depth of 60 cm. Intensification of monsoonal cycle could heavily affect microbe dominated soil biogeochemistry and subsequent change in the regional ecology of the Sundarban Mangrove Forest.

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/AiM20120300004_64331334.pdf

Depth Integrated Microbial Community and Physico-Chemical Properties in Mangrove Soil of Sundarban, India

Mangrove provides a unique ecological niche to different microbes which play various roles in nutrient recycling as well as various environmental activities. The highly productive and diverse microbial community living in mangrove ecosystems continuously transforms dead vegetation and recycle nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and other nutrients that can later be used by the plants. Mangrove ecosystems are rich in organic matter, and however, in general, they are nutrient-deficient ecosystems, especially of nitrogen and phosphorus. The present study investigated depth wise variation of Nitrifying bacteria, Nitrogen fixing bacteria, total bacterial population along with nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen and other physicochemical parameters of soil during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods at three different sampling stations of mangrove sediments viz. deep forest region, rooted region and unrooted region. The microbial population was also found maximum in the deep forest sediment relative to the other two sites. Populations of cultureable microbes were found maximum in surface soil and decreased with increase in depth in Sundarban mangrove environment. A decreasing trend of total microbial load, nitrifying and nitrogen fixing bacteria with increase in depth were recorded throughout the year. Present study revealed the relationship among depth integrated variations of physicochemical components (viz. soil temperature, pH, salinity, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentration) and total microbial load, nitrifying and nitrogen fixing bacteria microbial populations.

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A Depth Wise Diversity of Free Living N 2 Fixing and Nitrifying Bacteria and Its Seasonal Variation with Nitrogen Containing Nutrients in the Mangrove Sediments of Sundarban, WB, India

A Report on the Micro-Phytoplankton Size Range, Biovolume, Biomass and Geometric Shape in the Post “Aila” (Severe Cyclone) Waters of Estuarine Sundarban-Bay of Bengal, India
The Sundarban was rampaged by a severe tropical super cyclone designated as BOB 02 or more popularly as “Aila” on 25th May of 2009 and it changed the face of the deltaic region forever. The present study commenced on March, 2010 and continued till February of 2013 to capture the detailed effect of the physicochemical and meteorological parameters on the existing phytoplankton community. In order to predict the changes, if any, in metabolism of the microphytoplanktons, biovolume and biomass were selected as indices. The Hooghly estuary was chosen as the study site since it is the largest estuary of the River Ganges and should reflect the scenario better being a tropical well mixed estuary. The study revealed higher proportion of diatoms, dinoflagellates and Cyanophyceae than before.

A Report on the Micro-Phytoplankton Size Range,Biovolume, Biomass and Geometric Shape in the Post Aila (Severe Cyclone) Waters of Estuarine Sundarban-Bay of Bengal, India

Tushar Kanti Maiti

Papers

Depth Integrated Microbial Community and Physico-Chemical Properties in Mangrove Soil of Sundarban, India

A Depth Wise Diversity of Free Living N 2 Fixing and Nitrifying Bacteria and Its Seasonal Variation with Nitrogen Containing Nutrients in the Mangrove Sediments of Sundarban, WB, India

A Report on the Micro-Phytoplankton Size Range,Biovolume, Biomass and Geometric Shape in the Post Aila (Severe Cyclone) Waters of Estuarine Sundarban-Bay of Bengal, India