Renewable Resources Robert-Jan van Putten,†,‡ Jan C. van der Waal,† Ed de Jong,*,† Carolus B. Rasrendra,‡,⊥ Hero J. Heeres,*,‡ and Johannes G. de Vries* †Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands DSM Innovative Synthesis BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, the Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a building block platform: Biological properties, synthesis and synthetic applications

Some Typical Advances in the Synthetic Applications of Allenes

Separation of polar compounds on polar stationary phases with partly aqueous eluents is by no means a new separation mode in LC. The first HPLC applications were published more than 30 years ago, and were for a long time mostly confined to carbohydrate analysis. In the early 1990s new phases started to emerge, and the practice was given a name, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Although the use of this separation mode has been relatively limited, we have seen a sudden increase in popularity over the last few years, promoted by the need to analyze polar compounds in increasingly complex mixtures. Another reason for the increase in popularity is the widespread use of MS coupled to LC. The partly aqueous eluents high in ACN with a limited need of adding salt is almost ideal for ESI. The applications now encompass most categories of polar compounds, charged as well as uncharged, although HILIC is particularly well suited for solutes lacking charge where coulombic interactions cannot be used to mediate retention. The review attempts to summarize the ongoing discussion on the separation mechanism and gives an overview of the stationary phases used and the applications addressed with this separation mode in LC.

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography.

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases. The purpose of this work was to review the options for the characterization of HILIC stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices. The characteristics of the hydrophilic stationary phase may affect and in some cases limit the choices of mobile phase composition, ion strength or buffer pH value available, since mechanisms other than hydrophilic partitioning could potentially occur. Enhancing our understanding of retention behavior in HILIC increases the scope of possible applications of liquid chromatography. One interesting option may also be to use HILIC in orthogonal and/or two-dimensional separations. Bioapplications of HILIC systems are also presented.

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Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)—a powerful separation technique

Rapid, isothermal gas-liquid chromatographic determination of nitroglycerine in plasma using an electron-capture detector. II.

A probe injection dual-microplasma spectrometer is evaluated as a low-cost alternative for the determination of extractable organic chlorine and bromine (EOCl and EOBr). The system consists of two 350 kHz plasmas sustained in the same stream of helium and a probe for sample application in the interplasma region. The sample was applied with a microsyringe into a small cup on the sample probe. Subsequently, the extraction solvent was gently evaporated, and the sample cup was pushed into the interplasma region. The first plasma was in direct contact with the sample probe and served to rapidly vaporize the sample material. The vaporized sample was then transferred to the second plasma, where atomic emission was measured for the determination of EOCl and EOBr. For both Cl and Br, 120 pg detection limits and 1000:1 halogen-to-carbon selectivities were obtained, and responses were linear over 3 orders of magnitude.

Determination of extractable organic chlorine and bromine by probe injection dual-microplasma atomic emission spectrometry.

Glutaraldehyde (1,5-pentanedial) is a widely used industrial chemical that has been found to be mutagenic in bacteria and mammalian cells. In this study, we examined the reaction of glutaraldehyde with 2'-deoxyadenosine and calf thymus DNA in aqueous buffered solutions. The 2'-deoxyadenosine adducts were isolated by reversed phase HPLC and characterized by their UV absorbance and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric features. The reaction produced three major adducts. The adduct dA567 was derived from two 2'-deoxyadenosine units bound together with a piperidine unit, and its yield was 10.4%. The carbons of the piperidine ring originated from glutaraldehyde, whereas the nitrogen of the ring originated from the exocyclic amino group of one of the 2'-deoxyadenosine units. The adduct dA451d (yield 0.6%) was similar in structure to dA567, but one of the deoxyribose moieties from 2'-deoxyadenosine was missing. The third adduct, dA334, consisted of a hydroxy-tetrahydropyridine moiety derived from glutaraldehyde and N6 of 2'-deoxyadenosine (yield 4.0%). Furthermore, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the reaction mixture revealed the formation of compounds with ion peaks of m/z = 352. None of these compounds were sufficiently stable for preparative isolation. They were tentatively identified as a pair of diastereomers of 2,6-dihydroxypiperidine derivatives, which are likely precursors to dA334. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of the adducts are presented. In the reaction of glutaraldehyde with single and double stranded calf thymus DNA, the dA334 adduct was formed.

Characterization of adducts formed in the reaction of glutaraldehyde with 2'-deoxyadenosine.

Light-Induced Decomposition of Nitrobenzanthracenes on Glass Filters

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Tyge Greibrokk

Papers

Rapid, isothermal gas-liquid chromatographic determination of nitroglycerine in plasma using an electron-capture detector. II.

Determination of extractable organic chlorine and bromine by probe injection dual-microplasma atomic emission spectrometry.

Characterization of adducts formed in the reaction of glutaraldehyde with 2'-deoxyadenosine.

Light-Induced Decomposition of Nitrobenzanthracenes on Glass Filters

Addition of Iodine Isocyanate to Allenes.