In order to distinguish between those who may and may not enter or leave, states everywhere have developed extensive systems of identification, central to which is the passport. This innovative book argues that documents such as passports, internal passports and related mechanisms have been crucial in making distinctions between citizens and non-citizens. It examines how the concept of citizenship has been used to delineate rights and penalties regarding property, liberty, taxes and welfare. It focuses on the US and Western Europe, moving from revolutionary France to the Napoleonic era, the American Civil War, the British industrial revolution, pre-World War I Italy, the reign of Germany's Third Reich and beyond. This innovative study combines theory and empirical data in questioning how and why states have established the exclusive right to authorize and regulate the movement of people.

The invention of the passport : surveillance, citizenship and the state

Over the past three decades the effects of globalization and denationalization have created a division between ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in Western Europe. This study examines the transformation of party political systems in six countries (Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK) using opinion surveys, as well as newly collected data on election campaigns. The authors argue that, as a result of structural transformations and the strategic repositioning of political parties, Europe has observed the emergence of a tripolar configuration of political power, comprising the left, the moderate right, and the new populist right. They suggest that, through an emphasis on cultural issues such as mass immigration and resistance to European integration, the traditional focus of political debate - the economy - has been downplayed or reinterpreted in terms of this new political cleavage. This new analysis of Western European politics will interest all students of European politics and political sociology.

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West European Politics in the Age of Globalization

Part I. Theory and Methods: 1. Globalization and its impact on national spaces of competition 2. Contexts of party mobilization 3. The design of the study: the distinguishing characteristics of our approach Part II. Country Studies: 4. France: the model case of party system transformation 5. Austria: transformation driven by an established party 6. Switzerland: another case of transformation driven by an established party 7. The Netherlands: a challenge that was slow in coming 8. The United Kingdom: moving parties in a stable configuration 9. Germany: the dog that didn't bark Part III. Comparative Analyses: 10. Demand side: dealignment and realignment of the structural political potentials 11. Supply side: the positioning of the political parties in a restructuring space 12. The electoral consequences of the integration-demarcation cleavage 13. Globalizing West European politics: the change of cleavage structures, parties and party systems in comparative perspective Appendix A. Technical appendix Appendix B. Detailed statistical results.

West European Politics in the Age of Globalization: Austria: transformation driven by an established party

Throughout the industrialized world, international migrants serve as nannies, construction workers, gardeners and small-business entrepreneurs. Labor Movement suggests that the international migration of workers is necessary for the survival of industrialized economies. The book thus turns the conventional view of international migration on its head: it investigates how migration regulates labor markets, rather than labor markets shaping migration flows. Assuming a critical view of orthodox economic theory, the book illustrates how different legal, social and cultural strategies towards international migrants are deployed and coordinated within the wider neo-liberal project to render migrants and immigrants vulnerable, pushing them into performing distinct economic roles and into subordinate labor market situations. Drawing on social theories associated with Pierre Bourdieu and other prominent thinkers, Labor Movement suggests that migration regulates labor markets through processes of social distinction, cultural judgement and the strategic deployment of citizenship. European and North American case studies illustrate how the labor of international migrants is systematically devalued and how popular discourse legitimates the demotion of migrants to subordinate labor. Engaging with various immigrant groups in different cities, including South Asian immigrants in Vancouver, foreigners and Spataussiedler in Berlin, and Mexican and Caribbean offshore workers in rural Ontario, the studies seek to unravel the complex web of regulatory labor market processes related to international migration. Recognizing and understanding these processes, Bauder argues, is an important step towards building effective activist strategies and for envisioning new roles for migrating workers and people. The book is a valuable resource to researchers and students in economics, ethnic and migration studies, geography, sociology, political science, and to frontline activists in Europe, North America and beyond.

Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets

Heroism consists of actions undertaken to help others, despite the possibility that they may result in the helper's death or injury. The authors examine heroism by women and men in 2 extremely dangerous settings: the emergency situations in which Carnegie medalists rescued others and the holocaust in which some non-Jews risked their lives to rescue Jews. The authors also consider 3 risky but less dangerous prosocial actions: living kidney donations, volunteering for the Peace Corps, and volunteering for Doctors of the World. Although the Carnegie medalists were disproportionately men, the other actions yielded representations of women that were at least equal to and in most cases higher than those of men. These findings have important implications for the psychology of heroism and of gender.

The heroism of women and men.

Geschichte der Ausländerpolitik in Deutschland : Saisonarbeiter, Zwangsarbeiter, Gastarbeiter, Flüchtlinge

1. Introduction 2. Prelude: the practical experience of World War I 3. The prehistory of foreign labor deployment 4. 1939-40: the deployment of Polish labor as an experiment 5. Blitzkrieg euphoria and extensive labor deployment 6. Labor deployment instead of annihilation: policy on foreigners in 1942 7. Racism and material constraints: foreign labor deployment in 1942 8. 1943-44: Policy on foreigners in the midst of total war 9. Integration and terror: the practice of foreign labor deployment, 1943-44 10. The dynamism of violence: the final phase of the war Concluding thoughts Notes Bibliography The Hans Bockler Foundation Index.

Hitler's Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labor in Germany under the Third Reich

Best : biographische Studien über Radikalismus, Weltanschauung und Vernunft, 1903-1989

Geschichte der Ausländerbeschäftigung in Deutschland, 1880 bis 1980 : Saisonarbeiter, Zwangsarbeiter, Gastarbeiter

Combines socioeconomic labor market analysis with a cultural historical study of the impact of migration.

Ulrich Herbert

Papers

Geschichte der Ausländerpolitik in Deutschland : Saisonarbeiter, Zwangsarbeiter, Gastarbeiter, Flüchtlinge

Hitler's Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labor in Germany under the Third Reich

Best : biographische Studien über Radikalismus, Weltanschauung und Vernunft, 1903-1989

Geschichte der Ausländerbeschäftigung in Deutschland, 1880 bis 1980 : Saisonarbeiter, Zwangsarbeiter, Gastarbeiter

A History of Foreign Labor in Germany, 1880-1980: Seasonal Workers/Forced Laborers/Guest Workers